Sex estimation from foot dimensions in an indigenous Indian population

Dismembered/severed human remains are frequently found in cases of mass disasters and criminal mutilation. Sex estimation from foot dimensions, therefore, has a vital role in establishing personal identity. There is a paucity of literature on this issue from various Indian populations. The "Rajbanshi" is one such indigenous population located in the state of West Bengal, India. The present study attempts to estimate sex from foot length, foot breadth, and foot index among 350 living adult Rajbanshi (175 men and 175 women) individuals (age range: 18-50 years). The study concludes that foot dimensions show significant sex differences. Both sectioning point and regression analyses can be used to estimate sex from foot dimensions. However, multiple regression models appear to have the maximum accuracy in sex differentiation. Although statistically significant sex differences are evident for foot index, its practical utility appears to be limited because of considerable overlap.     

重视推动实体经济稳健发展

推动实体经济稳健发展是保持我国经济持续发展、将人民需求落到实处的需要,是应对国际金融危机、不断提升竞争优势的需要,是在全社会倡导和树立正确的发展观、致富观、价值观和幸福观的需要.推动实体经济稳健发展一要吸引经济社会资源更多地转移到实体经济,二要坚持以调结构推动实体经济稳健发展,三要把发展实体经济与推动科技创新紧密结合起来,四要正确处理实体经济与虚拟经济的关系.     

Learning on the job: Studying expertise in residential burglars using virtual environments*

In this article, we describe a quasi‐experiment in which experienced incarcerated burglars (n = 56), other offenders (n = 50), and nonoffenders (n = 55) undertook a mock burglary within a virtual neighborhood. We draw from the cognitive psychology literature on expertise and apply it to offending behavior, demonstrating synergy with rational choice perspectives, yet extending them in several respects. Our principal goal was to carry out the first robust test of expertise in offenders by having these groups undertake a burglary in a fully fledged reenactment of a crime in a virtual environment. Our findings indicate that the virtual environment successfully reinstated the context of the crime showing clear differences in the decision making of burglars compared with other groups in ways commensurate with expertise in other behavioral domains. Specifically, burglars scoped the neighborhood more thoroughly, spent more time in the high‐value areas of the crime scene while traveling less distance there, and targeted different goods from the comparison groups. The level of detail in the data generated sheds new light on the cognitive processes and actions of burglars and how they “learn on the job.” Implications for criminal decision‐making perspectives and psychological theories of expertise are discussed.     

"虚拟财产"保护的立法构想

任何权利的实现都离不开法律的保障与救济,即只有通过法律禁止与制裁侵犯权利的行为的发生,权利才可以得到真正的实现.由于现有法律的缺失并不能提供完整的保护机制,为确保网络经济的持续稳定健康发展,对虚拟财产的法律保护必须解决涉及虚拟财产的法律定位、虚拟财产交易的合法平台的建构和虚拟财产纠纷解决机制等系列的立法问题.     

论网络时代侦查模式的转变

从侦查途径来看,“从事到人”曾经是一种主要的侦查模式。网络的迅猛发展,使得犯罪案件与作案人分处于虚拟与物理两大空间,计算机充当着犯罪“帮凶”的角色,因此侦查模式必然转变为“事———机———人”模式。这种新型模式不仅适用于网络犯罪的侦查,对部分传统犯罪的侦查亦具有应用价值。     

盗窃网络虚拟财产行为之定性探讨

盗窃网络虚拟财产的行为目前不宜定性为盗窃罪,网络虚拟财产不属于财物,其价值和经济价值的确定缺乏科学依据,也不能通过扩张解释将其解释为财物。此行为也不构成破坏计算机信息系统罪。运用刑罚对虚拟财产进行保护应持慎重态度。     

数字化时代盗窃对象的演变及刑法规制

网络游戏中的虚拟财产具有现实的经济价值和可支配的动产属性,可以作为盗窃罪的犯罪对象;网络游戏中盗窃虚拟财产行为虽具有智力性、虚拟性的特点,但与现实生活中盗窃一般财产行为的本质相同;盗窃虚拟财产具有社会危害性,可以盗窃行为定性,应通过对网络虚拟财产的价值评估予以现实法律规制。     

操作系统实验室虚拟化方案研究

本文从实际应用出发,分析了操作系统实验室的需求特点与当前应用状况,从硬件配置、软件选择、安装、部署与管理等多方面分析了桌面级虚拟化方案和服务器级虚拟化方案。经过对比研究,指出桌面级虚拟化方案更适合操作系统实验室环境。本文还从实验室管理的角度分析了还原卡在部署与管理方面的限制与不足,建议引入具有行业标准的自动化部署工具与方案,并使用成熟的目录服务进行日常的实验室管理,以实现用户数据安全与隔离,实验状态数据保存等系统实验室迫切且需要的功能。     

Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric Morphometric versus Standard and Nonstandard Interlandmark Distances

Standard cranial measurements are commonly used for ancestry estimation; however, 3D digitizers have made cranial landmark data collection and geometric morphometric (GM) analyses more popular within forensic anthropology. Yet there has been little focus on which data type works best. The goal of the present research is to test the discrimination ability of standard and nonstandard craniometric measurements and data derived from GM analysis. A total of 31 cranial landmarks were used to generate 465 interlandmark distances, including a subset of 20 commonly used measurements, and to generate principal component scores from procrustes coordinates. All were subjected to discriminant function analysis to ascertain which type of data performed best for ancestry estimation of American Black and White and Hispanic males and females. The nonstandard interlandmark distances generated the highest classification rates for females (90.5%) and males (88.2%). Using nonstandard interlandmark distances over more commonly used measurements leads to better ancestry estimates for our current population structure.     

Stirring up virtual punishment: a case of citizen journalism,authenticity and shaming

Film clips and still pictures captured by civilians are increasingly used as evidence to prove specific accounts of events. This kind of visual data are not without problems, however. The aim of this paper was to analyse how viewers perceived a citizen journalistic mobile phone film clip as naturalistic data, enabling processes of shaming and eventually a ‘justice’ process on the Internet, including virtual punishment of the person filmed by the citizen journalist. In the clip, a taxi driver records video of an agitated female customer whom he hinders from leaving the taxi. The film is then distributed on YouTube, where it attracts remarkable negative attention. However, the citizen journalist’s film clip is only one of several possible accounts of the filmed incident, as demonstrated by the police crime report about the incident as an alternative account showing that viewers cannot rely on the citizen journalistic film clip as objective, naturalistic data.