An Unravelling Development Strategy? Garment Assembly in the Caribbean Basin after the Multifibre Arrangement

The purpose of this article is to assess the likely impact of the ending of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) on garment assembly in the Caribbean Basin. Over the last fifteen years or so garment assembly has come to represent one of the region's few economic ‘success stories’ and has accordingly helped to offset the loss of export revenue from traditional commodities such as coffee and sugar. With the ending of the MFA on 1 January 2005, however, the long‐term viability of this trade has been thrown into doubt. This article thus seeks to assess the prospects for continued garment assembly in the Caribbean Basin against the backdrop of these developments.     

试论信息技术和人性化管理在防止罪犯脱逃中的运用

罪犯脱逃是一种严重破坏监狱正常的监管改造秩序的犯罪行为,它不仅影响监狱正常的监管活动,破坏监内改造、生产、生活秩序,还会因追捕造成巨大的直接损失和间接损失;更为不利的是,罪犯的脱逃还很容易在其他罪犯中产生不良的示范作用,而且罪犯脱逃后不少人在社会上又进行各种严重的犯罪活动,危害社会治安,殃及人民生命财产安全。近年来,我国发生的多起罪犯脱逃案再次凸显了脱逃形势的严峻,不能不让人警醒和反思。针对罪犯逃脱成因的主客观情况,一方面,要运用信息技术来解决罪犯＂跑不了＂的问题;另一方面,要采用＂人性化管理＂来解决罪犯＂不想跑＂的问题。     

论个人信息保护模式

对于个人信息的保护问题,当代世界大致可分为两种模式:一是以美国为代表的行业自律与单行立法相结合模式,二是以欧洲为代表的立法综合规制模式。这两种模式的差别导致的结果是,国家对个人信息保护的侧重点具有很大不同。这种差异的原因追根溯源在于,美国与欧洲的历史文化与政治哲学传统不同。我国对个人信息的保护不应当采用单一模式,而应实行立法规制与行业自律相结合的综合模式。     

工会新闻发言人制度初探

2004年7月,中华全国总工会开始启动新闻发言人制度建设,2006年1月正式实施。该项制度适应了开放社会信息公开和建设和谐社会的需要,促进工会与社会媒体之间的有效沟通,保障了职工知情权利,增进了工会凝聚力,具有重大意义。     

高校教学管理信息系统研究

本文用系统论与信息论相融合、管理学与工程学相交叉 ,理论与实践相结合的方法 ,论述在信息化时代 ,研究与开发高等学校教学管理信息系统的必要性及重要意义 ;从系统论、信息论角度 ,提出教学管理信息系统的信息模型及其层次结构体系并给出其计算机化模型。开发面向 2 1世纪的高校教学管理信息系统 (EAIS)     

Comparison of Protocols for Measuring and Calculating Postmortem Submersion Intervals for Human Analogs in Fresh Water

Protocols for determining postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) have long been problematic for forensic investigators due to the wide variety of factors affecting the rate of decomposition of submerged carrion. Likewise, it has been equally problematic for researchers to develop standardized experimental protocols to monitor underwater decomposition without artificially affecting the decomposition rate. This study compares two experimental protocols: (i) underwater in situ evaluation with photographic documentation utilizing the Heaton et al. total aquatic decomposition (TAD) score and (ii) weighing the carrion before and after submersion. Complete forensic necropsies were performed as a control. Perinatal piglets were used as human analogs. The results of this study indicate that in order to objectively measure decomposition over time, the human analog should be examined at depth using the TAD scoring system rather than utilizing a carrion weight evaluation. The acquired TAD score can be used to calculate an approximate PMSI.     

Data protection by design and technology neutral law

This article argues that to achieve a technology neutral law, technology specific law is sometimes required. To explain this we discriminate between three objectives, often implied in the literature on technological neutrality of law. The first we call the compensation objective, which refers to the need to have technology specific law in place whenever specific technological designs threated the substance of human rights. The second we call the innovation objective, referring to the need to prevent legal rules from privileging or discriminating specific technological designs in ways that would stifle innovation. The third we call the sustainability objective, which refers to the need to enact legislation at the right level of abstraction, to prevent the law from becoming out of date all too soon. The argument that technology neutral law requires compensation in the form of technology specific law is built on a relational conception of technology, and we explain that though technology in itself is neither good nor bad, it is never neutral. We illustrate the relevance of the three objectives with a discussion of the EU cookie Directive of 2009. Finally we explain the salience of the legal obligation of Data Protection by Design in the proposed General Data Protection Regulation and test this against the compensation, innovation and sustainability objectives.     

Profiling,Information Collection and the Value of Rights Argument

In the United States and elsewhere, there is substantial controversy regarding the use of race and ethnicity by police in determining whom to stop, question, and investigate in relation to crime and security issues. In the ethics literature, the debate about profiling largely focuses on the nature of profiling and when (if ever) profiling is morally justifiable. This essay addresses the related, but distinct, issue of whether states have a duty to collect information about the race and ethnicity of persons stopped by police. I argue that states in the U.S. do have such a duty on the grounds that such information collection would help secure the value of persons' human rights against discrimination and unfair policing. Nonetheless, a large number of states do not require it. I begin by distinguishing rights from the value of rights, and arguing that under certain conditions persons have claims to the value of rights themselves, and that states have duties to secure that value. I then turn to the issue of profiling and offer the value of rights argument in favor of information collection about the race and ethnicity of persons stopped by police.     

Predictors of Death Sentencing for Minority,Equal, and Majority Female Juries in Capital Murder Trials

The relatively small body of prior research investigating whether the sex composition of juries impacts sentencing decisions has produced equivocal results. Exploring this topic further, the current study used a large sample of capital cases from North Carolina (n = 675) to examine (a) whether jury sex composition predicted jury capital punishment sentencing decisions; and (b) whether there were different models of sentencing for male-majority, equal male-female, and female-majority juries. When we controlled for a number of legal and extralegal factors, our findings indicated that jury sex composition was independently related to sentencing outcomes. Specifically, equal male-female juries were significantly more likely and female-majority juries were significantly less likely to choose the death penalty versus a sentence of life in prison. In addition, different models (predictors) of sentencing were revealed for each of the jury sex compositions. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.     

微视野“固视稳定性”与视敏度相关性分析

目的探讨微视野检查中的"固视稳定性"与视敏度的相关性及其法医学价值。方法应用国际标准对数视力表对64名眼底损伤者进行视敏度检测,应用MP-1微视野仪行固视稳定性检查。将受检者按固视性质分为3组:固视稳定组、固视相对不稳定组、固视不稳定组;分别统计3组间视敏度的差异。结果①视敏度均值及标准差:稳定组为4.8±0.3;相对稳定组为4.4±0.3;不稳定组为4.0±0.16。单因素方差分析结果,F值19.244,P<0.05;提示3组间的视力水平存在统计学上的显著性差异。②视敏度与2°、4°范围固视百分率之间均有相关性,Pearson相关系数分别为0.631、0.732,P<0.05。③视敏度与2°、4°范围固视百分率之间均有线性关系,其一元线性回归方程分别为:Y=3.520+1.521X1;Y=2.487+2.389X2(Y为视敏度,X1、X2分别为2°、4°范围固视百分率)。结论微视野检查中的"固视稳定性"具有客观预估视敏度区间的法医临床学实用价值。