Increased Hematocrit Due to Electrical‐Waveform Exposures in Splenectomized Sus scrofa,

In laboratory studies of the pig Sus scrofa, hematocrit has consistently increased after conducted‐electrical‐weapon (CEW) exposures, possibly due to contraction of the spleen. Splenectomized animals and intact sham control animals were exposed, each for 30 sec, to a benchtop‐produced electrical waveform of net charge levels similar to those of some CEWs. Changes in the blood were compared statistically. Hematocrit increased significantly in both splenectomized and sham animals. There were no significant main‐effect differences between values of hematocrit from the two groups. There were, however, significant interactive effects of time and splenectomy for hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin. After peak values were reached for these variables, values returned toward baseline levels more slowly in splenectomized animals. This may have been due to the lack of a spleen to sequester red blood cells (thereby resulting in more cells remaining in the general circulation), unlike sham animals with intact spleens.     

Loose‐Lipped Mobile Device Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Discussion of Information Gleaned from Siri on Locked iOS Devices

The forensic analysis of mobile handsets is becoming a more prominent factor in many criminal investigations. Despite such devices frequently storing relevant evidential content to support an investigation, accessing this information is becoming an increasingly difficult task due to enhanced effective security features. Where access to a device's resident data is not possible via traditional mobile forensic methods, in some cases it may still be possible to extract user information via queries made to an installed intelligent personal assistant. This article presents an evaluation of the information which is retrievable from Apple's Siri when interacted with on a locked iOS device running iOS 11.2.5 (the latest at the time of testing). The testing of verbal commands designed to elicit a response from Siri demonstrate the ability to recover call log, SMS, Contacts, Apple Maps, Calendar, and device information which may support any further investigation.     

一种高强度汽车车轮螺栓的异常断裂

目的研究典型断口形貌对失效分析工作的作用。方法利用金相分析、力学性能测试等方法对某交通事故中汽车车轮螺栓的异常断裂进行了检验分析。结果观察到了一种少见的高强度螺栓断口形貌,其上有聚集成群的球状碳化物,有的在疲劳裂纹的起始部位,有的在撕裂台阶的根部。结论螺栓成型时的塑性变形与热处理工艺匹配不合理可能是引起碳化物异常析出的原因,这些碳化物使螺栓的有效承载面积减小,从而引起了高应力疲劳断裂,并留下了低应力疲劳断裂的假象。     

Location and tracking of mobile devices: Überveillance stalks the streets

During the last decade, location-tracking and monitoring applications have proliferated, in mobile cellular and wireless data networks, and through self-reporting by applications running in smartphones that are equipped with onboard global positioning system (GPS) chipsets. It is now possible to locate a smartphone user's location not merely to a cell, but to a small area within it. Innovators have been quick to capitalise on these location-based technologies for commercial purposes, and have gained access to a great deal of sensitive personal data in the process. In addition, law enforcement utilises these technologies, can do so inexpensively and hence can track many more people. Moreover, these agencies seek the power to conduct tracking covertly, and without a judicial warrant. This article investigates the dimensions of the problem of people-tracking through the devices that they carry. Location surveillance has very serious negative implications for individuals, yet there are very limited safeguards. It is incumbent on legislatures to address these problems, through both domestic laws and multilateral processes.     

移动互联网背景下电子数据的取证审查初探

因电子数据有客观、稳定等特点,在刑事证据中扮演着重要角色。随着新刑事诉讼法将电子数据单独归类,在司法实践中,电子数据越来越得到刑事办案人员的重视。但不可否认的是,电子数据具有变化快、种类多、科技化等特点,尤其在当今的移动互联网时代,移动设备产生的电子数据越来越呈现出这种特点,并给取证方法、审查标准、采信规则等刑事司法实务带来困惑与矛盾,因而需要尽快加以解决和规范方法。     

录音设备识别司法鉴定技术研究

目标随着手机和录音笔等数字录音设备的普及,数字录音已基本取代传统的模拟录音,成为录音司法鉴定主导性检材类型。数字录音资料作为视听资料的重要组成部分,其真实性司法鉴定新技术新方法的研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。方法研究基于录音设备识别的数字录音真实性鉴定技术,通过数字录音背景噪声片段的提取,计算录音设备相关的关键统计特征,包括采样直方图分布特征和平均频谱统计特征,并使用机器学习和模式分类方法对数字录音的载体即录音设备进行准确分类。结果实验中最高的分类准确性达到97.09%。在录音设备可分性研究成果基础上,提出应用于数字录音设备司法鉴定的可行实施方案。结论研究结果表明了基于信号统计特征分析的录音设备识别方法的可行性和准确性。     

液压断线钳与普通断线钳剪切痕迹的检验及应用

目的通过研究不同类型、规格和功能断线钳所形成剪切痕迹的异同,准确的进行工具痕迹的同一认定。方法运用实验观察法,比较法对液压断线钳与普通断线钳形成痕迹特征反映的异同进行分析。结果液压断线钳与普通断线钳从结构特征、剪切痕迹特征反映等方面存在着明显的差异。结论在对剪切痕迹的检验中,需要注意从被剪断头的材质、直径、断端形状等方面着手,区别不同种类的剪切工具,尤其要注重对实验样本的制作,这样才能充分发挥剪切痕迹在侦查破案中的证据作用。     

Noise Trauma Induced by a Mousetrap—Sound Pressure Level Measurement of Vole Captive Bolt Devices

Abstract: While ballistic parameters of vole captive bolt devices have been reported, there is no investigation on their hazardous potential to cause noise trauma. The aim of this experimental study was to measure the sound pressure levels of vole captive bolt devices. Two different shooting devices were examined with a modular precision sound level meter on an outdoor firing range. Measurements were taken in a semi‐circular configuration with measuring points 0° in front of the muzzle, 90° at right angle of the muzzle, and 180° behind the shooting device. Distances between muzzle and microphone were 0.5, 1, 2, 10, and 20 m. Sound pressure levels exceeded 130 dB(C) at any measuring point within the 20‐m area. Highest measurements (more than 172 dB[C]) were taken in the 0° direction at the 0.5‐m distance for both shooting devices proving the hazardous potential of these gadgets to cause noise trauma.     

Identification of Bodies by Unique Serial Numbers on Implanted Medical Devices

Visual identification is the most common identification method used by medical examiners but is not always possible. Alternative methods include X‐ray, fingerprint, or DNA comparison, but these methods require additional resources. Comparison of serial numbers on implanted medical devices is a rapid and definitive method of identification. To assess the practicality of using this method, we reviewed 608 consecutive forensic autopsies performed at a regional medical examiner office. Of these, 56 cases required an alternative method of identification due to decomposition (n = 35), gunshot wound (n = 9), blunt trauma (n = 6), or charring (n = 6). Of these 56 cases, eight (14.3%) were known to have an implanted medical device. Of these eight cases, five (63%) could be positively identified by comparing serial numbers. If an implanted medical device is known to be present, and medical records are available, identification by medical device serial number should be a first‐line method.