从代理理论看对高管报酬的规范

从效益角度看,对企业高管报酬的数额讨论是没有意义的,要想制定一个理想的企业高管报酬数额的立法、行政和司法标准,将会产生适得其反的效果。对企业高管报酬方法规范的重点,应该是提高报酬与企业业绩的正相关关系。相比而言,企业高管报酬的披露制度更符合市场经济的规律,也更有利于资本市场的完善。     

Death Due to an Unusual Angio‐Seal‐Related Complication: Case Report and Literature Review

Angio‐SealTM is a vascular closure device (VCD) that can be applied to the femoral artery following cardiac catheterization to achieve hemostasis. Although it has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional manual pressure and to reduce time to hemostasis and patient ambulation, the use of this VCD is not without its complications. In this report, we describe the case of a 55‐year‐old man who died due to an extremely rare event that occurred several hours after the deployment of an Angio‐SealTM VCD: acute complete transverse laceration of the femoral artery that occurred because of the particular fragility of the vessel due to an unrecognized and asymptomatic arteriosclerotic disease. Few data are available in the literature about the incidence of such events, and much more remains to be done to determine how to prevent and manage its occurrence.     

USB Storage Device Forensics for Windows 10

Significantly increased use of USB devices due to their user‐friendliness and large storage capacities poses various threats for many users/companies in terms of data theft that becomes easier due to their efficient mobility. Investigations for such data theft activities would require gathering critical digital information capable of recovering digital forensics artifacts like date, time, and device information. This research gathers three sets of registry and logs data: first, before insertion; second, during insertion; and the third, after removal of a USB device. These sets are analyzed to gather evidentiary information from Registry and Windows Event log that helps in tracking a USB device. This research furthers the prior research on earlier versions of Microsoft Windows and compares it with latest Windows 10 system. Comparison of Windows 8 and Windows 10 does not show much difference except for new subkey under USB Key in registry. However, comparison of Windows 7 with latest version indicates significant variances.     

An Animal Model to Investigate Effectiveness and Safety of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER® Devices)*

Abstract: Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law‐enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without causing lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures during law‐enforcement operations. The purpose of this technical note is to describe, in detail, some aspects of an anesthetized swine model used in our laboratory and to answer specific questions related to the model. In particular, tiletamine/zolazepam‐induced, propofol‐maintained anesthesia appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of CEW applications on muscle contraction and blood factors such as muscle enzymes. Because effects of CEWs on breathing have not been fully elucidated, a spontaneously breathing model is preferable to one in which mechanical ventilation is supplied. Placement of the swine in a supine position may facilitate measurement of muscle contractions, without compromising other physiological parameters.     

论《郑笺》对《毛传》"标兴"的认识与发展

人们历来重视对《毛传》标兴的认识,却很少关注《郑笺》对《毛传》标兴的认识和发展。《郑笺》的这种认识和发展在形式上表现为对部分《毛传》标兴之诗不作兴体解,增加新的比兴诗和在注解上大量突破《毛传》一诗只标一处兴也;而实质上则表现为一是郑玄理解的兴的内涵与毛公有了一定的改变,二是郑玄将兴作为一种注释的体例较毛公有了发展和完善,言语上的用诗之兴正式转变成了文学上的创作之兴,以兴作为诗的一种作法和表现手法的阐释理论得以确立。     

idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs

As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper-based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is “read” by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%–100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 “reads” by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55–180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.     

谈自制面光源装置拍摄光滑弧面客体上的指纹

在刑事照相工作中,人们常遇到一些光滑弧面客体(如不锈钢管、水杯)上的指纹,这类指纹在拍照时由于受到客体表面反射光的干扰,易形成光斑或光点,虽然使用了多种光源和不同的打光方法照明,但照片的效果仍不理想。为解决这一难题,笔者进行了有关的探讨,设计了一种简易的面光源装置,获得了良好的效果。     

Physical Characterization and Recovery of Corroded Fingerprint Impressions from Postblast Copper Pipe Bomb Fragments

Pipe bombs made from 1 mm thick copper pipe were detonated with a low explosive power powder. Analysis of the physical characteristics of fragments revealed that the copper had undergone work hardening with an increased Vickers Hardness of 107HV1 compared with 80HV1 for unexploded copper pipe. Mean plastic strain prior to fracture was calculated at 0.28 showing evidence of both plastic deformation and wall thinning. An examination of the external surface showed microfractures running parallel with the length of the pipe at approximately 100 μm intervals and 1–2 μm in width. Many larger fragments had folded “inside out” making the original outside surface inaccessible and difficult to fold back through work hardening. A visual examination for fingerprint corrosion revealed ridge details on several fragments that were enhanced by selective digital mapping of colors reflected from the surface of the copper. One of these fingerprints was identified partially to the original donor.     

宫内节育器使用所致医疗纠纷法医学鉴定

在法医鉴定中,由宫内节育器引发的医疗纠纷案例逐年增加,患者法律保护意识、医务人员的技术水平较低是此类鉴定增加的主要原因。目前宫内节育器仍然是我国妇女避孕的主要途径之一,宫内节育器医疗操作中可能发生的并发症或意外及其与医疗行为的关系,医院是否需要承担责任及责任大小等均需要明确。加强医生技能训练,采取必要的防范措施,客观评价和认识宫内节育器诊疗中的并发症,才能确保计划生育工作宫内节育器的安全可靠。     

美国医疗器械立法嬗变及其动因

1938年《联邦食品药品及化妆品法》和1976年《医疗器械法》是两个具有里程碑意义的法律。某种程度上，每一部法律的制定都是灾难性事件的杰作。而在立法进程中，立法者都在促进医疗器械安全与鼓励新医疗器械的发展上进行着一种平衡，美国联邦食品药品管理局在执行这些立法过程中更追求这种平衡。中国医疗器械安全立法及侵权法都忽视了这一点，一味追求对医疗器械生产商和医疗机构课以责任。