Introduction to Neumann: law and socialist political theory

Abstract

Regulators attempt to understand financial markets and their risks in terms of categories of knowledge and datasets that are defined and produced by the markets. However, regulators cannot adequately interpret or utilize such knowledge, for reasons including their social distance from the sites of knowledge production, the diversity of financial firms’ proprietary risk models, firms’ abilities to game the rules thus rendering the ‘metrics’ meaningless and several backfiring aspects of global regulatory networking and reform. Calls for yet more information about trading, posed in terms of the merits of transparency, result in information swamping of regulators. Meanwhile, while policy-makers tinker with regulatory structures (‘architecture’), political reaction to the crisis de-legitimizes public regulation as a project. Yet there is one positive aspect of the reforms – enhancing powers for ‘resolution’ of financial firms in ways that impact upon investors while minimizing wider destabilization – upon which the regulatory information requirement can and should be refocused. To protect the public interest, legal transparency is required, trading transparency is not. This paper introduces these issues by drawing on critical work on transparency and markets.     

The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban on Gun Markets: An Assessment of Short-Term Primary and Secondary Market Effects

The reactions of the gun market, including those of producers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers, play an important role in shaping the potential impact of gun control policies on gun crime. As a case in point, this paper examines the federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which bans a group of military-style semiautomatic firearms (i.e., assault weapons). Using a variety of national and local data sources, we assess the short-term (1994–1996) impact of the assault weapons ban on gun markets, examining trends in prices and production of the banned weapons in legal markets and assessing the availability of the banned weapons in illicit markets as measured by criminal use. Prices of assault weapons rose substantially around the time of the ban's enactment, reducing the availability of assault weapons to criminal users in the very short run. However, a surge in assault weapon production just before the ban caused prices to fall in the months following the ban. Implications of the findings for assessing this and other gun control policies are discussed.     

用好水土资源需要发扬和借鉴各民族传统文化

水土资源是一种复合的自然资源 ,水土资源各构成要素在地球表面的分布很不均匀 ,致使世界上不管哪个国家、哪个民族在其活动范围内 ,水土资源的构成都各有利弊 ,互有得失。静态地评估水土资源优劣并不能客观地反映一个国家、一个民族的水土资源实情。用好水土资源的关键是针对客观存在的水土资源现实兴利除弊 ,而真正做到兴利除弊就需要发扬各民族传统文化中因地制宜的水土资源利用智慧和技能 ,借鉴其他民族成功的治水治土经验 ,最大限度地发挥自己所掌握的水土资源的利用价值 ,才是获得可持续发展的根本大计。轻视自己的传统文化 ,不愿意学习与借鉴其他民族利用水土资源的智慧和技能 ,是当前水土流失治理中亟待克服的弊端。     

我国城市水污染防治立法中存在的问题及完善的建议

当前我国城市水污染防治立法 ,在监管体制、工业废水和生活废水的控制、地下水资源保护等方面面临许多问题。针对我国城市水污染防治立法中的问题 ,提出完善的建议 ,将有利于我国城市水污染的防治。     

美国反垄断法对医院合并的适用分析

从上世纪80年代起,美国的医院经历了前所未有的合并浪潮,反垄断执法部门也开始将注意力集中在医疗领域。但是,由于反垄断法的主要目的和分析方法是用来针对传统的商业和贸易领域,而医疗机构并不是纯粹的商业机构,因此反垄断法在控制医院合并时产生了种种新问题。     

The Political Economy of Water Effluent Charges in France: Why are Rates Kept Low?

The French water effluent charge was set up thirty years ago. However, its design differs significantly with the Pigovian tax envisaged in economic textbooks. In particular, various studies have shown that the tax rate is too low to significantly affect the polluters' behaviour. The paper is a case study of this charge and aims to understand why rates are low. It consists of a careful political economy analysis of the institutional setting through which the water effluent charge is implemented using both historical evidence and simple modelling. The fact that the charge is combined with regulation plays a crucial role in explaining its rate.     

垃圾卫生填埋场复合密封层防渗技术及应用

介绍了垃圾卫生填埋场防渗系统中密封材料HDPE膜及GCL的主要性能及特点。提出在我国应用新的填埋场密封材料GCL ,与HDPE膜组成复合密封层 ,并从防渗性能、价格等方面进行了比较分析 ,同时提出HDPE膜—GCL复合密封层建设规范的建议     

澳、美水权制度对构建我国水权制度的启示

本文通过对澳大利亚和美国水权制度的研究,引发了笔者对我国水权的界定、适用、取得、转让和价格等制度的思考,从而提出了水权应包括水物权和取水权,我国应建立区域性的水权制度,水权的取得包括分配取得和出让取得,组建水银行进行水权转让,水权价格包括出让价、转让价和水费等观点。     

浅析唐诗中的“水月”意象

月是唐诗中出现次数最多的意象之一,特别是其中的“水月”意象——由于其中“水”、“月”相得彰益的视觉特点迎合了我国古代文学推崇的阴柔、含蓄的审美观,形成了“水月”意象的基础原因。因此,在唐诗中诗人常常借助“水月”这一复合意象抒发复杂的情感。