社会保障权利的内容结构与性质分析

社会保障制度往往能够反射一个国家政治体制、文化机制和经济制度,更能凝聚并浓缩一个社会的本质,体现一个民族国家的特质,由此构成了一个国家社会制度的骨架。从大多数国家社会保障法律的权利内容看,它主要由社会保险权、社会救助权、社会福利权三部分组成。     

Why Do People Stigmatise the Poor at a Time of Rapidly Increasing Inequality,and What Can Be Done About It?

This paper starts out from a puzzle. During the past thirty years, incomes have grown more unequal, a small group at the top has captured a much greater share of resources and poverty has increased. Despite this, most people are markedly less likely to want government to redistribute income or tackle poverty and are less sympathetic towards those without jobs. The greater insecurity of many people's lives in the current crisis renders the issue more perplexing. This paper describes trends in inequality, poverty and unemployment; presents new data on attitudes, media discussion and political platforms; discusses theoretical approaches from social psychologists, political scientists, sociologists and other commentators; and considers how a more generous welfare state might be pursued.     

美、德、日实施宪法公共利益条款之比较研究

公共利益问题是各国宪法普遍关注的问题.早在200多年前,美国就将"公共使用"条款写入宪法修正案,德国、日本也分别在各自的宪法中规定了"公共福利"和"公共福祉"等内容.宪政理论与实践证明,公共利益条款的实施并非单纯的法治过程,它总是与本国具体的社会经济制度相联.由于美、德、日三国的市场经济体制存在一定差异性,因而,这些国家关于宪法公共利益条款的实施情况也不尽相同.研究发达国家公共利益条款运行的宪政模式,对于我国实践宪法公共利益原则具有一定的借鉴意义.     

从罗斯福新政到奥巴马医改看美国社会保障制度

既能体现公平又能促进效率、既能提高社保水平又能不增加政府负担的社会保障制度对一个国家来说至关重要。20世纪30年代以来，美国社会保障制度逐步建立并不断发展变化，70年代后期由于人口老龄化和经济全球化的影响，欧美国家面临着福利的需求和供给的矛盾，传统的社会保障模式亟待改变。近年来，奥巴马以医改为突破口，力图完善美国社会保障制度。然而受金融危机后遗症的制约，面对社会保障水平提高与削减政府开支这对矛盾，美国社会保障制度发展前景不容乐观。     

Needs,welfare and the limits of associationalism

This paper presents a critical account of current associationalist proposals for welfare reform. It argues that contrary to the associationalists' own case, the institutional structure suggested by associationalism would not better provide for the needs of welfare recipients. After a detailed exposition of the fundamental claims of proponents of associational welfare, the paper challenger two of the key normative judgements that underlie the associational project. First, it criticizes the associationalist tendency to emphasize unregulated choice in welfare provision, arguing that such a settlement would ignore the important disinction between ‘needs’ and ‘preferences’. Second, it rejects the associationalists' acceptance of significant inequalities in welfare provision, suggesting that such inequlities would, almost by conceptual definition, leave many recipients' needs unfulfilled. The paper concludes by indicating that any proposed welfare reform intended to enhance provision for needs should be located within the current statist tradition.     

Causes and Effects of Child Welfare Workforce Turnover

ABSTRACT

This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the causes and effects of workforce turnover in child welfare. The causes of workforce turnover are abundant and have been categorized into three areas cited most often throughout the literature: individual factors, supervisory factors, and organizational factors. On the other hand, the empirical research on the effects of workforce turnover in child welfare is scant. This paper discusses the need for new empirical knowledge on the relationship between turnover and child welfare outcomes. The authors conclude with consideration of the gaps in the research and implications for social work practice and profession.     

Issues in Risk Assessment in Child Protective Services

ABSTRACT

Child welfare organizations throughout North America have expended millions of dollars to develop, implement, and institutionalize formal risk assessment models to improve decision making for maltreated children and their families. This article summarizes findings of the risk assessment literature and concludes that many risk assessment protocols currently in use may not improve either the consistency or the accuracy of protective service decisions for maltreated children. The article recommends strategies to improve decisions that promote child safety by utilizing a continuum of empirically supported decision making tools, each designed for a specific purpose during the life of the case.     

美国反倾销法的正义分析

正义是衡量一种法律制度是否可欲的终极价值目标。从正义这一价值判断标准出发,对美国反倾销法进行分析,将会使我们认识其本质:以社会福利为代价保护国内某些产业的利益,是一种实质非正义的法律体系。     

发达国家的工作福利制对中国低保政策的启示

20世纪末,很多发达国家都对原有的社会救助政策进行了改革。改革的共同趋势就是在社会的最后一张安全网中实行了工作福利制。虽然中国与发达国家的社会救助改革背景存在着很大差异,但是随着低保制度的发展,已经有越来越多的有劳动能力者被纳入低保范围,一些原有的消极救助政策在今天已不适用,我国应借鉴国外的一些积极的救助政策。     

论公益行政诉讼制度的构建

公益行政诉讼是为了排除传统的原告适格理论的阻却而在无传统诉权人的情况下 ,为公益目地而设定的一项救济制度 ,应通过纳入法律援助制度 ,设立前置程序 ,放宽原告起诉条件的审查标准及防止滥诉来保障公益行政诉讼制度的建立。