环境公益诉讼的另类视角:自然物种诉讼

自然权利的讨论必然要反映在对诉讼法的冲击上,即是否考虑自然物种对其所享有的权利而具有诉讼资格以及如何实现他们的诉权等。这导致美国、日本的法院进行了一些审判上的尝试。虽然自然物种诉讼在理论上还需要法理学和诉讼法学的突破,在实践中还处于探索状态,但自然物种诉讼在环境公益的保护上仍然具有重要的意义。自然物种诉讼的基本框架包括:自然物种诉讼是公益诉讼的一种表现形式;自然物种诉讼要在赋予自然物种诉讼资格和防止恶意诉讼之间保证一种平衡;自然物种诉讼的实施机制是代物诉讼。     

建立我国行政公益诉讼制度若干问题探讨

随着我国经济的发展与法律体系的健全，行政公益诉讼在我国已经成为一个热议领域。然而．我国现行法律还没有确立行政公益诉讼制度，但在一些发达国家，行政公益诉讼制度已经相当完备。因此．我国应在现行的行政公益诉讼理论的基础上，在拓宽起诉人资格、扩大受案范围、诉讼费用承担等方面．借鉴国外法治国家的经验，加快确立我国行政公益诉讼制度。     

行政资助制度初探

行政资助作为现代给付行政模式下的一种重要行政行为,是行政主体为了特定的公共目的,向特定的私主体提供财产性利益的行政活动,其具有公共性、政策引导性、复杂多样性和补充性的特征,其性质表现为授益性和负担性并存的双面性,其法理基础包括现代社会福利国家原则、宪法经济化和宪法对行政资助的规定。     

福利社会化改革之后政府在养老服务体系中的责任与定位——以转型期济南市社会养老机构的调查为例

调查发现，受社会养老需求政府优惠扶持措施等因素的影响，济南市社会养老机构获得了长足发展；但由于资金等硬性条件的影响，济南市社会养老机构发展还存在诸多制约因素。在今后的发展中，政府要转变政府职能，强化政府责任。不断强化投资责任，加大监管宣传引导工作。     

北京市出租车政府管制分析

本文运用公共选择理论中的寻租理论分析了北京市出租车行业中所涉及的群体及寻租活动 ,通过对租金额度、租金耗散和非最优配置资源额度的界定 ,明确政府管制所造成的社会福利损失 ,并认为政府应改进对出租车行业的管制 ,以实现出租车行业资源的最优配置     

构建具有中国特色的养老方式--推进以家庭养老为主、社区养老为支撑的养老方式

从国内外的预测和研究来看,我国人口老龄化超前于经济发展的矛盾十分突出,专家预计还将持续半个世纪。我们必须研究适合经济还不发达的中国人的养老方式。笔者最近对西城区所辖各社区的老年人生活状况作了一个调查。调查反映出老年人对养老方式的选择和对养老生活的需求以及对“孝心”回归的企盼。调查结果表明,作为发展中国家的中国在现阶段,养老方式还是以家庭养老为主,社会养老为辅的方式为好,文章从中西方养老方式的差异比较入手,阐述中国选择家庭养老为主、社会养老为辅的养老方式的理论依据,并提出了家庭养老的关键是重视家庭美德建设的举措。我们可以预见在今后相当长的历史时期内,家庭养老为主、社区养老为支撑的养老方式会是我国居主导地位的养老方式。     

FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCING AND CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION: ESSENTIAL TOOLS FOR PRIORITIZING FAMILY ENGAGEMENT IN CHILD WELFARE CASES

Family group conferencing (FGC) and child protection mediation maximize family engagement in child welfare cases by prioritizing families' roles in discussions and decisions. This article examines how FGC helps professionals to focus on family and community strengths, encourages family engagement, and provides targeted case plans for families and timely, permanent placements for children. It explores how courts and agencies use these interventions to empower families to contribute to resolutions in ways that are not possible in traditional litigation processes. These complementary processes help children and families by providing forums where families are allowed to make informed choices and take an active role in creating plans for their future.     

论动物福利立法的限度及其定位——兼谈动物福利立法中动物的法律地位

从道德和道德法律化的角度看,给予动物福利其实就是科加人对动物的道德义务,而动物福利立法的实质便是把这种道德义务上升为法律义务,即实现动物道德的法律化。不过,动物并未就此获得法律主体地位,它只是一种"物格"弱于一般客体物的"准物"而已。由于道德法律化是有条件的,动物福利立法也应有限度,只有那些获得社会普遍认同和共同遵守的基本动物道德,才可通过立法程序上升为法律规范。对此,我们可用"利益关系分析法"和"利益层次分析法"来大致界定"基本动物道德"的范围;用自卫原则、对称原则、最少损害原则、分配正义原则以及补偿正义原则,来对动物福利立法进行较明确的定位,以妥善处理动物福利和人的利益的关系。     

INVOLVING YOUTH IN THE DEPENDENCY COURT PROCESS: THE WASHINGTON STATE EXPERIENCE

In 2008, the Washington State legislature established a pilot program in four designated sites wherein youth ages twelve years and older had the right to (1) receive notice of all dependency hearings that involve them, (2) be present at such hearings, and (3) be heard personally. Pursuant to the legislation, upon request by the youth, the court participating in the pilot program is permitted to conduct an in‐chambers interview with the youth to determine his or her wishes regarding issues pending before the court. The legislation further required that the Administrative Office of the Courts and the Department of Social and Health Services collaborate in implementing and assessing the effectiveness of the program. This article details the development of the pilot program, its implementation, and evaluation results as of the date of this publication.     

DISRUPTING THE PATHWAY FROM FOSTER CARE TO THE JUSTICE SYSTEM—A FORMER PROSECUTOR'S PERSPECTIVES ON REFORM

Nearly half a million children are victims of abuse and neglect and part of our foster care system. Over time, many of these youth cross into our juvenile and then adult justice systems; some will end up as federal offenders, immersed in a process where mandated penalties provide little room for flexibility or consideration of the characteristics and needs of the individual. This article will offer the perspectives of a former prosecutor and child welfare advocate on: (i) the current conditions and challenges within our foster care system—the feeder for many youth into gangs and criminal activity; (ii) the misaligned priorities and disheartening patterns we currently see in our justice system; and (iii) the ill‐advised practices, that set our nation apart from the rest of the world, allowing juvenile offenders to receive life without parole sentences. The article will then discuss a series of recommendations in all of these areas that would enable us to turn the corner and chart an improved and more hopeful path for our nation's vulnerable and at‐risk children and youth.