国有资本控制公司中国家工作人员刑法甄别疑难问题研究

国家出资公司中国家工作人员的身份确认不限于委派,更应强调国有资本代表权的授予。任命主体也不限于国有单位,国有资本控股、参股公司可以对国有资本运作的公务权力授权。国有资本控制公司中具有双重身份人员的主体认定,实际上无法根据其利用职务便利的性质进行研判,而应从国有资本是否实际受到侵蚀或实际损害的结果角度予以审视。     

Judiciaries as crucial actors in Southern regulatory systems: A case study of Indian telecom regulation

This article addresses regulatory reforms in the Indian telecommunications sector and emphasizes the role of the Indian judiciary. Our claim is that when confronted with a series of disputes relating to the nascent telecom regulatory landscape, the Supreme Court of India sought to make a constructive contribution to both the actual disputes as well as the overall regulatory framework. Our reading of these cases suggests that in the sphere of telecom, the Supreme Court has been less interested in stamping its own authority on issues, and has instead sought to bolster the authority and legitimacy of the recently constituted telecom regulatory institutions. We seek to draw attention to the role of the Indian judiciary as marking an exceptional feature of evolving regulatory systems in the Global South. Conventional wisdom in the regulatory jurisprudence that has evolved in the Global North suggests that judiciaries should have little or no role to play in regulatory systems. We suggest that to overcome the special challenges that regulatory systems in the Global South confront, more established institutions and actors might have to lend credibility and legitimacy to enable nascent regulatory actors to develop over time. At least in the Indian case, this is one way to understand the Indian judiciary's interventionist actions in the sphere of telecom regulation.     

Explaining preferences for redistribution: A unified framework to account for institutional approaches and economic self‐interest for the case of monetary transfers for families and children

Explanations of different patterns of preferences for redistribution either highlight the role of the institutional framework in a country or highlight the importance of self‐interest and rational expectations. The study introduces a unified approach to explain differences in preferences for redistributive measures for the case of intergenerational monetary transfers for families and children. Both explanatory approaches are integrated into the action‐based Model of Frame Selection that incorporates normative motives and economic self‐interest into the process of decision making. Using a large sample that deals with questions on the approval of public policies for families and accounts for the normative importance of children and family life in Germany, evidence is provided that both approaches are valid in explaining preferences for government transfers.     

气候变化损害的国家责任:虚幻或现实

人类活动导致的气候变化是当前全球生态系统和人类生存所面临的最大威胁之一。受历史积累因素的影响,无论各国如何控制、削减温室气体排放,气候变化造成的损害仍不可避免,而气候变化损害的国家责任也日益成为国际社会无法回避的现实问题。作为一种特殊的跨界损害,气候变化损害无论在国际不法行为的认定还是因果关系的确定方面,都对现行国家责任制度提出了挑战。由于诸多障碍的存在,追究气候变化损害的国家责任在目前尚不具备充分的现实可行性。不过,来自国家责任的潜在压力至少有助于敦促各国积极改善温室气体排放政策,并就气候变化损害的救济尽快制定切实有效的全球性解决方案。     

行政应急性原则的基础理念

本文通过对行政应急性原则的研究现状及概念争议的梳理,界定行政应急性原则的价值取向为秩序保护,体现为行政权的集中与扩张,公益优先、兼顾私益,效率优先兼顾公平三个方面,进而总结行政应急原则的终极目标,即行政应急性原则最终还是要转化为如何合理配置行政权与保护相对人权利这一经典问题。在兼顾公共利益和个人利益,兼顾公共秩序与公民自由的基础上,进行恰当的制度安排。最后,在应急状态下,公权力要有一种内部的平衡。     

海洋的“公物”属性与海域用益物权的制度构建

自罗马法以降,海洋即具有＂公物＂属性。国家领海主权与国家海域所有权的出现,亦未改变海洋的＂公物＂属性。由这一属性所决定,海域用益物权的法理基础,不可能建立在国家海域所有权的＂权能转移＂基础之上,而只能建立在海洋资源的保护与合理利用的公共利益基础之上。由此出发,海域用益物权制度的构建,应通过严格法定主义原则,来适应明确界定公共利益范围的法治要求;在海域用益物权合同的订立中,国家不享有承诺自由,并且合同的相对性原则应受到第三人利益的限制;将海洋渔业养殖许可与海域用益物权相割裂,将前者视为一种资质许可的观点,不能成立。     

论动物福利概念的内涵——动物客体论语境下的分析

动物福利概念基于不同的理论立场而具有不同的内涵。在动物客体论的语境下,界定动物福利概念的内涵时,应该采纳“人道立场的动物福利”的观点。据此,动物福利概念的含义可以表述为：基于人道关怀,（主要是被人类利用）的动物可以满足基本需要的康乐状态。动物权利论者和动物解放论者阐释的动物福利概念既存在理论上的根本缺陷,也不能合理解释现实状况,故不足取。     

关于我国残疾人福利法律制度构建之思考

构建残疾人福利法律制度是残疾人权益保障事业的重要一环,目前我国残疾人福利保障的立法体系仍未建立,现有相关法律制度对各类残疾人福利的保障有欠平等,国家责任原则未得到充分体现。今后,应科学构建残疾人福利法律制度体系,明确保障残疾人福利权理念和维护残疾人的尊严之理念,贯彻残疾人福利保障的国家责任原则。     

日本舆论监督的法律边界

舆论监督是世界各国宪法普遍保障的一项基本权利。日本法院在舆论监督的两大法律限制——事前限制与国家秘密,从原则上确认了表达自由和新闻监督的重要意义。但是在“《北方杂志》事件”和“家永教科书”等具体判例中,仍然采取相当谨慎的立场,政府在限制新闻出版过程中可以依据相当宽泛的公共利益行使自由裁量。