Economic globalization and voter turnout in established democracies

This paper asks whether international economic integration negatively affects electoral turnout. The theoretical model builds on the premise that economic integration constrains the ability of national governments to shape outcomes. Citizens are conscious of such constraints and take them into account when considering the costs and benefits of casting a vote in national elections. The result is a lower inclination to vote under conditions of high economic integration. Consequently, aggregate turnout is lower the more internationally integrated a national economy is. Analysis of aggregate data for parliamentary elections in 23 OECD democracies over the period 1965–2006 robustly supports this hypothesis. The empirical estimates suggest economic globalization as a central cause of the general decline in turnout within established democracies.     

Social development,community development and participation

Unlike social development, community development could not be achieved without participation. Participation is participating in decision making, to choose a community project, plan it, implement it, manage it, monitor it and control it. People can make a contribution to the planning process at the implementation stage, only if they are presented with a well articulated and feasible framework of approaches, objectives, alternative, etc. The paper focuses on the definition of social development, community development and participation in order to elaborate them. Main question of this article is： Participation is a vehicle to achieve development that community members can be involved directly in development process. This is theoretical research that method of data collection is document method.     

政府危机管理中的公民有序参与研究

公民有序参与政府危机管理,有利于提高公民危机应对能力、降低危机管理成本。目前我国政府危机管理中的公民有序参与处于较低水平,面临着观念、法制、能力、组织等诸多方面的障碍。因此,要通过转变观念、完善法律法规、建立健全信息公开制度等途径,扩大和规范公民有序参与的行为。     

社区矫正工作者基本工作理念论析

社区矫正工作者在对矫正对象的执行刑罚、监督管理、矫正教育、危机干预、社会救助等活动中．必须在不同的工作层面上,树立以人为本、全员参与、服务矫正对象、消除犯因性问题、安全和秩序、构建和谐社区等工作理念,以提高社区矫正工作的效能和对矫正对象矫正的质量。     

我国环境影响评价法律制度的不足及完善

2003年9月1日,《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》正式颁布实施,该法规除对建设项目要进行环境影响评价外,同时要求对有关规划进行环境影响评价,这标志着我国环境与资源立法步入了一个新的阶段——从决策的源头来防止环境污染和生态破坏。随着经济的快速发展,其暴露出来的问题越来越多,尤其在环境影响评价的范围、公众的参与以及法律责任的承担等方面。所以,我国环境影响评价相关法律需要在适当的时机对评价的范围、公众参与等相关规定进行修改,以此来保障经济发展的高质量。     

中国性别工资差距实证研究综述

本文对近年来关于中国性别工资差距的实证研究作了系统综述。对每一项研究,本文都从内容、方法、使用的数据、结论等方面进行了分析,发现该领域的研究有两个发展趋势:第一,由研究男女在平均工资上的差距发展到研究他们在整个工资分布上的差距;第二,由单纯研究男女在工资方面的差距发展到研究性别工资差距与性别职业(或行业)隔离、性别劳动参与率差别等的相互关系。     

网络参与下的政府行为选择

网络参与具有技术性与政治性、普遍性与特殊性、间接性与直接性、有序性与无序性等多向度、双重性的特点。这些特点的交织,决定了网络政治参与既可能有利于推进民主政治发展的进程,又可能使政府行政陷入困境。因此,担当公共责任、增强回应能力、引导有序参与,是我国政府的必然选择。     

民主:作为一种价值理念与社会机制

民主的实质是基于自身权利之上的人民的自治与自主。它作为一种价值理念,作为实践理性的一种自我立法,深刻地体现了人的主体性和平等性。现代社会中的民主作为一种自治的运行机制,具体表现为三种存在形态:市民社会个体与各种组织的自治民主、作为政治公共领域的参与民主、作为一种国家形式和国家形态的建制性政治民主。成员的参与是民主的关键尺度,基于公正程序的“少数服从多数”原则构成了民主决策的最一般的规定。     

Marketing good works: new trends in how interest groups recruit supporters

Charities or interest groups need to attract supporters, who offer both financial support and participation, to achieve their overall goal of influencing public affairs. They can use political marketing to help them attract and retain such supporters. Existing literature indicates they use marketing techniques such as direct mail to communicate to potential new supporters, but new research has discovered that the influence of political marketing is much more comprehensive. The most effective groups are now using political marketing to design the package they offer to supporters. They go through a four‐stage process. First, they conduct market intelligence to understand what supporters want from the organisation and second, they design their product accordingly. Third, they communicate this to potential supporters and then finally deliver campaign progress and they communicate this to existing supporters. They use marketing concepts: they adopt a market orientation and build an organisation designed to take account of its users' needs and wants. Although such charities are often associated with non‐business behaviour, the most successful groups are adopting the concepts and techniques of comprehensive political marketing as the means to increase their influence on government and public affairs. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

Mutual efforts for mutual trust: Impacts of citizens' knowledge and governmental communication channels on trust in participatory budgeting

Since participatory budgeting (PB) has been advocated by both theorists and practitioners of public administration, its adoption has become a global phenomenon. As of 2017, all local governments in South Korea are legally mandated to operate a PB system as a policy for inviting citizen participation in local budget decision-making. Using an impact assessment tool completed by PB managers in local governments, this research tested two sets of independent variables—citizens' participatory capacity and the diversification of communication in the PB process—that could be associated with the dependent variables “citizens' trust in government (CTG)” and “government officials' trust in citizens (GTC).” The paper presents the three major findings on the common drivers behind CTG and GTC: (1) citizen participants' knowledge on budget and budgeting process; (2) local government's efforts in gathering citizens' inputs for PB; and (3) the mutual efforts to understand the needs and limitations of both citizens and the local government. The paper concludes by exploring the implications for the design and delivery of effective PB implementation.