论云南精品旅游产品的培育和建设

建设国际旅游胜地的核心是培育精品旅游产品。云南具有培育和建设精品旅游产品的优势和条件,要紧密围绕云南八大旅游产品的开发和发展,采取有效措施培育和建设云南精品旅游产品。     

计算机软件最终用户法律责任制度探讨

新《计算机软件保护条例》将计算机软件的侵权界限延伸到最终用户 ,引起了广泛关注。从各国立法例来看 ,计算机软件最终用户的法律责任问题尚无同一规则 ,一般而言 ,各国著作权法不认为个人用户非商业使用未经授权软件构成侵权。我国应立足国情 ,依据最终用户的类型 ,规定不同的法律责任 ,同时应当以积极的态度去评价和解释新软件条例 ,使其在制度取向上更具有合理性。     

产品责任精神损害赔偿探析

在因产品缺陷而事故频发的今天 ,若不强化产品责任的赔偿 ,将无以体现对消费者合法权益予以切实保护的时代精神。尤其是在成功地加入了WTO后 ,面对国际统一市场 ,一方面 ,强化产品责任精神损害的赔偿 ,可以体现对国内消费者的平等保护 ;另一方面 ,针对国外通行的高额赔偿 ,通过国内产品责任精神损害赔偿的强化 ,也可以促使我国企业加强产品质量管理 ,从而预防出口产品高额赔偿引发的危机。     

产品涉入、感知风险与金融商品再购意愿

以具有金融商品购买经验的顾客为研究对象,探讨后危机时期顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响。通过引入金融风险属性和顾客风险偏好,剖析顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响,并在此基础上构建顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿影响的整合研究架构。通过对494位具有购买金融商品经验的顾客调查数据研究发现:首先,产品涉入不仅能够降低感知风险,而且还能提升顾客对金融商品的再购意愿,而感知风险却抑制了顾客对金融商品的再购意愿;其次产品涉入不仅能够直接作用于再购意愿而且还能通过感知风险间接作用于再购意愿;最后产品涉入和感知风险对再购意愿的影响会受到顾客风险偏好和金融商品风险属性的干扰。     

Reliable and Robust Molecular Sexing of the Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Using PCR‐RFLP Analysis of the CHD 1 Gene

The hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) is a bird of prey that is persecuted in the United Kingdom, and there is a need for a DNA‐based individual identification and sexing system for the use in forensic investigations. This study reports a new set of PCR primers for the chromo‐helicase‐DNA‐binding protein 1 gene, which allows sexing using PCR‐RFLP. Instead of exonic primers that amplify across a large intron, this set consists of a primer within the intron, enabling reduction in amplicon sizes from 356 to 212 bp and 565 to 219 bp in W and Z chromosomes. DNA degradation and dilution experiments demonstrate that this set is significantly more robust than one that amplifies across the intron, and sequencing of the intronic primer‐binding region across several individuals shows that it is highly conserved. While our objective is to incorporate this primer set into an STR‐based individualization kit, it may in the meantime prove useful in forensic or conservation studies.     

再论中医药立法的几个问题

《中华人民共和国中医药法》正在有条不紊的制定中,但中医药基本法立法中出现的问题也折射出了中医药发展过程中的不足。通过对中医药法立法过程中几个问题的再思考,进一步理顺中医药发展的脉络,为中医药基本法立法工作提供参考。     

产品质量法律制度的生态化思考

产品质量法律制度的生态化是一个值得研究的问题.人际同构理论是其法哲学依据,经济法的生态化是其部门法依据;而环境日益恶化、绿色贸易壁垒是其现实依据.具体来说,要完善产品的"绿色"质量标准,包括绿色技术标准、绿色环境标志、绿色卫生检验制度等.产品的包装也要符合生态化要求,同时要扩大生产者的责任.对不同的产品制定相应的环保标准.     

The Informational Role of the Arbitration Clause

We analyse the role of an arbitration clause as a quality signal. We model a contractual relationship between one buyer and two sellers, one of which offers a high-quality product, the other a low-quality product. With a certain probability, the product is defective. The sellers have the choice of either taking the case to court if the product is defective, or including an arbitration clause in which case an arbitrator determines the indemnity payment. Under some conditions, only the high-quality seller offers an arbitration clause, which then serves as a quality signal.     

Product Liability in the European Union: Compensation and Deterrence Issues

In Europe a common standard of strict liability has been introduced with the European directive 85/374. The implementation of this Directive has not led to an expansion of product liability cases. Moreover neither the product nor the insurance market has been dislocated as in the United States. Both the fact that most liability cases continue to be discussed under national legislation—even when it is based on liability with fault—and the different price of insurance in Eurpean Countries show that the directive did not reach its harmonisation goals. We discuss the optional provisions that limit strict liability under the directive, but claim that the scarce impact of liability laws—in spite of increasing concerns for product safety—may be due to compensation provided by the Welfare State and to the cost of access to justice in Europe. Compensation by the Welfare State is inadequate with respect to the internalisation of the cost of accidents especially when public institutions do not file claims against liable producers. Product safety regulation should have performed the deterrence function. However we also point out that the threat of reputation losses is a powerful incentive for firms to carefully control product safety, when consumers increasingly care about product quality and accidents are heavily advertised by media.JEL Classification: K13, K41     

文化产品的价值判定与形式表达

社会建构了文化产品的使用价值,并且通过文化产业生产运营的具体形式,在特定的社会安排中产生出文化产品的交换价值或市场价值。这就使文化产品处于商品、社会和文化三重结构的制约与限制中,文化产品从这些结构属性中获得了存在的性质。文化产品以其创意性获得了社会、艺术或娱乐等多种使用价值的重叠,并依凭于这些价值的重叠而获得转化为市场交换价值的潜能;那么,文化产业作为联系这些具体生产行为和获得产出的组织载体或纽带,其关键核心就是以商业化的运作,来实现文化产品的价值转换。