When the butcher calls the hunter foul,and the muddied politics which follow: speciesism and the EU opposition to the Swedish wolf hunt

Abstract

Rarely does the death of animals cause conflict between governments. However, the killing of some animals, such as seals, wolves, and other exotic wildlife, can cause heated conflict over whether the act of killing is itself justifiable. This paper provides an overview of a recent disagreement along these lines: between the EU and Sweden over the management of wolves. It juxtaposes the recent politicalization of the wolf hunt with an overview of two very different moral frameworks that humans use to conceive of the value of animals. This paper argues that these two moral frameworks share in employing a human-centrism which consequently restricts how the issue of justice can be introduced into policy discussions regarding the treatment of animals. However, the primary assertion made here is that while these two frameworks are constituted by speciesism, they represent two different positions which as is illustrated by the debate surrounding the justifiability of the wolf hunt, provide very different points to which questions of justice are truncated or introduced. Therefore, the assertion made in this paper is that the conflict between the EU and Sweden, over the justifiability of the wolf hunt stems from competing speciesist positions.     

Network Structure and Perceived Legitimacy in Collaborative Wildlife Management

The widespread supposition that collaborative management designs enhance legitimacy must be examined empirically, and the rich diversity of different collaborative arrangements should be better acknowledged in this endeavor. This study adopts a social network perspective and examines three state‐initiated and interest‐based collaborative management arenas in Swedish wildlife management: wildlife conservation committees (WCCs). Is there a link between social network structures in collaborative management arenas and the perceived legitimacy of output by policy stakeholders? This puzzle is addressed through social network analysis combined with survey data and interviews. The empirical results confirm the notion that collaborative arenas consisting of high network closure with many bridging ties across organizational boundaries enjoy a higher level of support among stakeholders directly involved in management, as members of the committees, than networks with a more sparse structure do. This type of well‐integrated network structure seemingly increases stakeholders’ understanding of other actors’ perspectives through deliberation. Contrary to what was expected, though, the empirical analysis did not verify the effect of linking, or outreaching ties between the committee members and the organizations that they represent, on the organizations’ support of WCC decisions. Given the rapid rise of collaborative designs in public administrations, the topic elaborated in this paper is urgent and further research is encouraged.     

Electoral system effects re-examined using the largest vote share variable

In the search for a less controversial pattern between electoral systems and party systems, especially the institutional conditions for multipartism, this article develops and analyses a complete post-war dataset on largest parties’ vote shares. In contrast to the vague wording in the Duvergerian literature, it defends a strong proposition that majority parties are almost always a result of disproportionality. With some rare exceptions, they are either manufactured (without a majority of popular votes) or, less frequently, held together by heterogeneous groups (indicated either by a large number of swing voters or an exceptionally restrictive system) through strategic voting. I explain the phenomenon using a theory on politicians’ incentive for office turnover and voters’ demand for party accountability, and also theorize why South Africa and Namibia are the only two outliers to the pattern.     

我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度的缺陷及方法完善

我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度采用侵权行为法律适用规则 ,实际上是将复杂的国际产品责任案件的法律适用过分简单化 ,忽视和掩盖了其他与产品责任案件具有更密切联系的连接因素。我国应在借鉴国际公约有关规定的基础上 ,完善立法。     

我国产品责任法中惩罚性赔偿制度的建构

我国产品责任法中设置惩罚性赔偿制度有其必要性和可行性,我国构建产品责任惩罚性赔偿制度应当科学合理。     

盐酸法舒地尔注射液影响因素试验及其光降解产物的液相色谱-质谱分析

目的 考察盐酸法舒地尔注射液的影响因素并鉴定其光降解产物。方法 对盐酸法舒地尔注射液进行高温、光照处理,并用液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定其光降解产物。结果 盐酸法舒地尔注射液高温条件下稳定,光照条件下产生一光降解杂质异喹啉-5-磺酸。结论 盐酸法舒地尔注射液在高温条件下稳定,在光照条件下不稳定,应避光保存,光降解杂质为异喹啉-5-磺酸。     

The Implementation of Diagnosis Consultant （Sindanshi） Method in the Cluster of Food SMEs

This study is carried out to identify the main problem dealing with cluster of food SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in Kota Batu, the Province of East Java, and to determine the alternative of solution. This study uses the eight-step method （of eight steps） in the quality improvement （also called the PDCA--Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle） and the method of diagnosis consultant （shindanshi）. The diagnosis scope of analysis covers（ed）： the SWOT （Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats） analysis, the 5S＇s analysis, marketing management, operational analysis, production process analysis, layout, quality of product, material and purchasing control, finance analysis, problem solution and recommendation. The cluster of food SMEs in Kota Batu has the following problems： equipment, layout, marketing, raw material, production process, capitalization, quality, distribution, human resources, and packaging. Therefore, the suggestions for the improvement are： Helping the SMEs makes the financial report monthly; socializing the standard quality of process and product based on SNI （Standar Nasional Indonesia）; socializing the management of barcode; evaluating the condition of available layout regarding waste that happened and improving it.     

缺陷产品召回与行政处罚的关系研究

我国从2000年起逐步引进建立缺陷产品召回制度,但尚对缺陷产品召回所涉及的权利、义务、责任的基本属性认识不足,缺陷产品召回制度难以融入我国现行的产品质量监管执法体系,产品召回与行政处罚存在一定的冲突和矛盾,两者表现为平行的关系、递进的关系、交叉的关系、聚合的关系和补充的关系等5种基本形态。在实践中,应结合这几种关系形态正确、合理地适用行政处罚与产品召回制度,实现产品召回与行政处罚两种有效的政府产品质量监管执法手段相互支撑、交替适用、协同实施,进而进一步完善我国的产品质量责任制度、召回的法律体系和管理体系。     

Humans Are Animals,Too: Critical Commonalities and Differences Between Human and Wildlife Forensic Genetics

Wildlife forensics has recently been recognized among the wide variety of forensic science disciplines. This review compares human and wildlife DNA forensics, which use the same genetic tools, but often for far different purposes. Human forensic genetics almost invariably attempts to identify individual perpetrators involved in a given crime. Wildlife forensics often determines whether a crime has occurred. In addition to techniques familiar in human laboratories, like individual matching with STRs, wildlife analysts may be asked to determine the taxonomic identity, geographic source, or sex of evidence items, or the familial relationships or minimum number of individuals among a group of samples. This review highlights the common questions, legal framework, databases, and similar validation requirements to foster understanding between disciplines. Based on this understanding, human and wildlife DNA practitioners may work together and learn from each other in order to elevate the discipline of forensic genetics.     

论输血及血液制品感染的侵权责任——基于日本法上的经验

在医学界,血液被称为"生命的源泉"。然而,近年来,随着临床用血和血液制品使用的大量增加,患者感染梅毒、肝炎、甚至艾滋病的案例已屡见不鲜。而上世纪末,我们的邻国日本也曾遭遇过同样的"血液之殇",日本司法实践在处理诸如"东大梅毒事件"、"药害肝炎事件"、"药害艾滋事件"上的成功经验会带给我国怎样的启示,以下将对日本法上血液的法律属性、医疗过失的判断标准、因果关系的证明以及医药产品责任主体的责任分配等进行分析,并结合我国《侵权责任法》相关规定,从法解释学的角度出发,针对我国司法现状,探讨日本法对我国在法律解释适用方面的借鉴意义。