论服务责任--以消费者权益保护法为中心

现行的<消费者权益保护法>将服务责任与产品责任并列规定,但由于产品责任有<产品责任法>相配合,因此解释适用上没有什么疑义,而服务责任在构成要件、法律效果、抗辩事由等问题上并没有太明确的规范,尤其是在归责原则方面值得从立法政策上重新检讨,针对上述问题应重新审视我们现行的法律并做出相应的修正.     

论我国自动驾驶汽车侵权责任体系的构建——德国《道路交通法》的修订及其借鉴

针对自动驾驶汽车可能带来的法律问题,德国立法者在坚持既有的机动车侵权责任框架和归责传统的同时,还针对自动驾驶汽车的准入以及驾驶人的权利义务等问题,对德国《道路交通法》进行了修订。按照我国侵权责任理论框架来处理自动驾驶汽车侵权问题,会出现责任主体认定模糊、过错判断标准滞后、归责原则混杂等困境。通过对德国理论的分析与借鉴,针对我国自动驾驶汽车侵权问题,有必要重新解读相关规定、明确缺陷认定标准、尽快制定专门的法律规范。     

Robotic prostheses as products enhancing the rights of people with disabilities. Reconsidering the structure of liability rules

The term ‘robot’ refers to a wide variety of devices, serving very different purposes. The case of robotic prostheses is considered here. After defining such devices, and briefly describing the technical peculiarities that characterize their functioning and distinguish them from traditional implants, their relevance with respect to the fundamental rights of people with disabilities is considered. Pursuant to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a claim is made that favouring the development of said applications may be required to subscribing states. In light of such considerations, the liability regime – namely that emerging from the Defective Product Directive – is analysed, in the attempt to determine – with a prospective analysis – the impact that said rules are likely to have on their development. The technology-chilling effect and the anticipated extremely complex evidentiary burden the user would have to face in order to obtain compensation lead us to conclude that legal reform is advisable. Some alternatives are considered, and in particular that of the development of a – partially – state-funded no-fault plan, intended to allow more ex ante certainty for producers and researchers (favouring the development of said devices), and prompt and adequate compensation to the victim in case an accident occurs.     

公共产品供给对农民增收的负面效应及其防控

农村公共产品有效供给是促进农民增收的关键性要素,对农民增收会产生正面效应,是促进农民增收的有效途径。但公共产品供给对农民增收也会产生一些负面效应,这是我们在农村公共产品供给决策和推进时必须要理性认识和积极应对的重要问题。因此,只有既充分发挥正面效应,又积极预防与减控负面效应,才能最大可能地促进农民增收。     

塌桥悲剧的警示与路桥质量反思

塌桥悲剧接二连三发生,不仅给我们警示,也不得不引起我们对路桥质量问题的反思。公路桥梁是政府拿老百姓的钱替老百姓购买公共产品,政府有责任为老百姓保障公共产品的安全。路桥施工要建立以监理为核心的质量管理体系,改变监理单位＂业主代表＂资格定位,强化监理单位第三方主体资格。严格执行质量控制程序,加强现场质量控制,以确保工程质量。     

强制性信息披露规则产生动因的法经济学分析——兼论强制性信息披露的限度

在证券市场上,强制性信息披露规则对保证投资者获得充分的信息,从而作出正确的投资决策具有重要意义。本文主要从法经济学的角度运用公共产品理论、博弈论和成本收益分析方法对强制性信息披露规则的产生动因进行揭示,并在此基础上对强制性信息披露规则的限度进行了探讨。     

中美产品责任归责原则比较研究

目前美国产品责任并存着疏忽责任、担保责任和严格责任三种归责原则 ,而我国在面向消费者的归责原则上实行的是严格责任。此外 ,我国的过错责任、瑕疵担保责任与美国的疏忽责任、担保责任的含义和适用上都有很大差别。法律实质上是在对效益与正义的考量中不断发展的 ,本文在对中美产品责任归责原则的比较研究的基础上 ,揭示了造成这种差异的内在原因是政治、经济、法哲学思潮等多种因素的相互作用和影响 ,而这一切归根结底是各种利益博奕的结果 ,并用辩证唯物主义观点对如何平衡我国相关立法中的利益关系提出了若干建议     

A simple and inexpensive molecular method for sexing and identification of the forensic samples of elephant origin

The population of the Asian elephant is being dramatically reduced due to poaching of the ivory from the male. As poaching occurs in remote forests, it often takes weeks or longer for it to be discovered and it is therefore often very difficult to determine the sex of the decomposed body. Data suggest that in the recent past, over 2000 male elephants have been poached in South India. We have developed a technique based on molecular markers to determine that the carcass is an elephant and that it is a male. Using DNA sequence information from Genbank, we have developed two primer pairs: one for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the other for the sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY) gene of the Indian elephant. After PCR amplification of known elephant DNA, we found that the mtDNA was common in both males and females, whereas the SRY-specific amplicon was observed only in the male.     

浅析我国产品召回制度的监管主体及其权责

近年来,因产品缺陷引起消费者人身、财产的严重损害所导致的纠纷不断增多。在"丰田汽车召回门"中,"同车不同命"的遭遇引起国家有关部门和社会各界的广泛关注。事件的发生,再次凸现了完善我国缺陷产品召回制度的必要性和紧迫性,中国消费者需要平等的权利。要保证产品召回的有效运行,除了完善的制度外还要权威有力的产品召回行政主管机关。本文试图以此出发,对我国产品召回制度中监管者的权责进行初步的研究,从而对完善产品召回制度提出有价值的建议。     

产品缺陷责任主体的确定——以美国法为主要考察对象

产品缺陷责任主体,是指当缺陷产品致人损害时,应承担相应的民事责任的主体。美国法对产品责任主体的规定着眼于"商业性的销售者",通过《侵权法重述》和判例,逐步扩展了商业性销售者的范围。而产品缺陷责任主体正是以营利为目的从事营利性行为的商主体,确认产品责任之责任主体的依据恰是商法效益至上与民法追求公平这二者之间的博弈。