浅谈我国涉外产品责任法律制度的完善

随着全球化经济的发展,跨越国界的产品责任案件日益增多,但我国当前还没有调整涉外产品责任适用的法律制度,只是笼统地采用了侵权行为法律适用规则,缺乏操作性,无法适应形势的发展,所以,必须在吸收相关国际通行规则的基础上,完善立法。     

惩罚性赔偿制度在我国产品责任中规定的不足与完善思考——以侵权责任法第47条之规定为考察对象

惩罚性赔偿是指赔偿数额超过实际损害数额的赔偿,其制度功能主要在于惩罚不法行为人,遏制类似行为再行发生,并就受害人之损失充分予以补偿。我国《侵权责任法》第47条关于惩罚性赔偿金的规定既有进步意义,也存在一定问题。合理适用惩罚性赔偿金,明确其适用条件,特别是对赔偿金数额标准的合理确定关系着惩罚性赔偿制度的功能与价值的充分实现。     

塑料制品上锉除文字的显现研究及原理讨论

目的研究塑料制品上损毁文字的加热显现方法,探讨显现原理;方法将盗窃案涉及的常见塑料客体上的凸面文字进行锉除,对文字消除部位进行加热显现;结果清晰显现了几种常见塑料客体上的消除字迹;结论在利用加热法显现塑料客体上消除的文字时,塑料表面损毁程度、客体材质、生产工艺等因素对显现结果产生重要影响。     

循环经济:21世纪的理想经济模式

循环经济是针对传统产业发展导致资源过度消耗和环境恶性污染而提出的可持续发展之道。它通过生态规划设计,使不同的企业群体间形成资源共享和废物循环的生态产业链,采取资源综合循环利用,达到生态经济系统的最优化配置,从而实现以清洁生产和绿色工业为导向的新型经济模式。本文就循环经济的生态学原理、概念内涵、评价原则、系统结构和产业革新进行了初步的理论分析,并通过循环经济逐步兴起和发展的实证研究,探讨了循环经济作为21世纪的理想经济模式的现实可行性。     

The indirect detection of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in beverages as evidence of product tampering

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) has been identified as the adulterant in a relatively large number of product tamperings that have been investigated by the Forensic Chemistry Center (FCC) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this work, household bleach was added to 23 different beverages at each of three levels. The impact of sodium hypochlorite on these beverages over a 13-day study period was evaluated using the following techniques: diphenylamine spot test for oxidizing agents, potassium iodide-starch test paper for oxidizing agents, pH, iodometric titration for quantitating hypochlorite, ion chromatography for chloride and chlorate quantitation, automated headspace sampling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for determination of chloroform, and visual and organoleptic observations. This study has shown that hypochlorite is fragile when added to most common beverages and typically breaks down either partially or completely over time. In cases where a beverage is suspected of being adulterated with bleach but tests for hypochlorite are negative, it is still possible to characterize the product to demonstrate that the results are consistent with the addition of bleach. An adulterated product will give a positive test for oxidizing agents using the diphenylamine spot test. It is likely that the pH of the adulterated product will be higher than a control of that product. Ion chromatographic analysis shows elevated chloride and chlorate as compared with a control. And, chloroform may also be detected by GC-FID especially if the beverage that was adulterated contains citric acid.     

论“入世”后我国政府职能的转变

"入世"后,我国政府既要严格按国际惯例办事,增加政策和管理的透明度,实行国民待遇,又要逐步放开国内市场,减少行政干预.政府的改革和职能的转变将成为今后改革的重点.     

中国信托法具体修改建议

五年来的实践告诉我们,现行法律制度的确暴露出一些缺失和不足。在21世纪科学发展日新月异的今天,我国信托法的修改与完善已是迫在眉睫,否则将影响我国信托业的发展,影响我国经济建设和金融市场。鉴于此,在中日信托法研究会同仁一年多来研究成果的积淀下,笔者对中国信托法的修改与完善作了一些粗浅的论述,并通过第二届中国(长沙)信托国际论坛向与会代表与各位方家作以汇报,旨在抛砖引玉,敬请批评指正。     

政府与公共产品

传统理论认为市场不能实现公共产品的有效供给 ,所以需要政府介入 ,但是实践中政府全面垄断公共产品 ,直接提供公共产品的方式 ,不仅导致了公共产品供给的低效率 ,也带来了财政危机。因此 ,有必要探讨在经济社会的发展中到底政府应提供哪些公共产品 ,以及政府在提供公共产品时应采取怎样的方式。只有政府、市场、社会的共同努力才能实现公共产品的有效供给     

Spurring Vaccine Development for the Developing World: A Collaborative Governance Perspective on Product Development Partnerships

Collaborative governance has emerged recently as an alternative to the traditional sector-based, single-actor approaches for addressing complex governance challenges. However, previous research has given little attention to collaborative governance within international policy contexts. To address this gap, an integrative collaborative governance framework is used to analyze product development partnerships (PDPs) that seek to develop vaccines to prevent the spread of devastating diseases within the developing world. The analysis indicates that PDPs are helping address acute governance challenges and are emblematic of the increasing importance of nonprofit organizations in collaborative governance regimes. Implications for research on collaborative governance are also discussed.     

细胞式生产方式在日本的新发展

细胞式生产方式在日本经历了20世纪90年代的"普及推广阶段"之后,现在步入了"改进创新阶段"。细胞生产方式与流水线生产方式比较具有种种优势,但这种优势不会在应用中自然而然地发挥出来,企业必须依据自身要达到的具体目标,加以创造性地运用,在创造性运用的过程中使其不断完善、发展和提高。日本在推广细胞式生产方式方面的经验值得我国学习和借鉴。