Spurring Vaccine Development for the Developing World: A Collaborative Governance Perspective on Product Development Partnerships

Collaborative governance has emerged recently as an alternative to the traditional sector-based, single-actor approaches for addressing complex governance challenges. However, previous research has given little attention to collaborative governance within international policy contexts. To address this gap, an integrative collaborative governance framework is used to analyze product development partnerships (PDPs) that seek to develop vaccines to prevent the spread of devastating diseases within the developing world. The analysis indicates that PDPs are helping address acute governance challenges and are emblematic of the increasing importance of nonprofit organizations in collaborative governance regimes. Implications for research on collaborative governance are also discussed.     

Private game farming and its social consequences in post-apartheid South Africa: contestations over wildlife,property and agrarian futures

Spaces of privatised wildlife production, in the form of game farms, private nature reserves and other forms of wildlife-oriented land use, are an increasingly prominent feature of the South African countryside. Whilst there is a well-developed literature on the social impacts of state-run protected areas, the outcomes of privatised wildlife production have thus far received little attention. It is argued here that the socio-spatial dynamics of the wildlife industry, driven by capitalist imperatives related to the commodified production of nature and ‘wilderness’, warrant both in-depth investigation in their own right, and contextualisation in terms of broader processes of agrarian change locally as well as globally. The growing influence of trophy hunting and the wildlife industry on private land can be seen as a significant contributing factor to processes of deagrarianisation that are mirrored in other parts of the African continent and elsewhere. In South Africa, these developments and their impacts on the livelihoods of farm dwellers take on an added dimension in the context of the country's efforts to implement a programme of post-apartheid land reform. Two decades after the formal end of apartheid, contestations over land rights and property ownership remain live and often unresolved. This theme issue explores these dynamics on private land partly or wholly dedicated to wildlife production, with special emphasis on two South African provinces: KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape.     

细胞式生产方式在日本的新发展

细胞式生产方式在日本经历了20世纪90年代的"普及推广阶段"之后,现在步入了"改进创新阶段"。细胞生产方式与流水线生产方式比较具有种种优势,但这种优势不会在应用中自然而然地发挥出来,企业必须依据自身要达到的具体目标,加以创造性地运用,在创造性运用的过程中使其不断完善、发展和提高。日本在推广细胞式生产方式方面的经验值得我国学习和借鉴。     

非星级旅游饭店产品民族特色化创新路径探究

非星级旅游饭店产品民族特色化创新在遵循市场导向性、特色性、参与性、经济可行性、文化性、环保性原则的基础上,走创建民族特色型主题酒店、民族特色型产品、产品部分功能民族特色化道路,是非星级旅游饭店实现可持续发展的主要路径。     

对日本政府关于美国针对部分钢铁产品采取保障措施案的对策评述

2 0 0 1年美国依据其 2 0 1条款决定对进口的部分钢铁产品采取为期 3年的保障措施 ,欧盟、日本、韩国、中国、俄罗斯、巴西等国家纷纷因此受到限制和损害 ,该案为中国加入WTO后的第一案。日本在根据WTO的规则提出同美国的磋商要求未有结果后 ,向DSB提出了成立专家组的要求 ,专家组成立后向其提交了申斥材料。本文对该材料进行了认真的研究 ,归纳和总结了日本在本案中的观点和应对策略和措施及对我国产生的启示 ,旨在为提高我国今后在参与和解决国际贸易争端起到积极的作用。     

文化贸易与文化认同

文化产品是文化认同的载体,文化认同是文化产品得以存在的先决条件。文化贸易,其实质是不同民族和国家之间文化认同的达成与接受,文化贸易的出超和逆超背后是文化认同资源的争夺。在全球化背景下,实现文化贸易平衡的出路在于主动参与国际间的文化竞争,由被动的参与者逐渐成为贸易规则的制定者,改变不利的贸易条件,从而有效地捍卫自己的文化权益。     

论平行进口中的知识产权问题

平行进口问题是近年来知识产权法学界讨论的热点问题。文章主要从法学的角度对平行进口的基本概念及其基本理论问题进行了深入细致的剖析,并提出了作者自己的相应观点。     

Measuring the frequency occurrence of handwritten numeral characteristics—An expanded list

In the third of a series of studies and reports, the authors expand on the frequency occurrence proportions of various handwritten features. The first study culminated in the publication of “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics.” That study was followed by “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics.” The premise of this current and future follow‐up studies is to expand on the initial lists of information incrementally by expanding the number of features and the number of writers. This study expands on the list of numeral features. A total of 34 numeral features was selected by the authors as candidates for this study and tested through an attribute agreement analysis. Based on the results of the testing, 17 new features have been added to the list of proportions. The original 1410 handwritten numeral specimen forms were utilized and pared to 1024 to obtain a proper population sampling for the United States. Interdependency testing was conducted on 783 pairs of inter‐character numerals. A coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 was found in 534 (68.20%) of these pairs. As of this report, there are now a total of 42 numerals with measured frequencies of occurrence. This material has already borne fruit as the combined frequency of occurrence studies were explained during an unsuccessful exclusion hearing in court with an explanation as to how these studies support the reliability of forensic document examination.     

论航空产品责任主体

航空产品责任主体是航空产品责任诉讼首要解决的问题,该主体的确定直接关系到受害人权益是否充分保护和纠纷是否得以顺利解决。该主体具有天然的国际性,同时其因交织航空运输责任与产品责任具有复杂性和特殊性。航空产品责任主体不仅包括一般商事关系的私法性主体,而且还包括负有检测、适航监管责任的公法性主体。欧美等发达国家和地区立法及司法实践对航空产品责任主体呈现出扩大化解释的趋势,其目的是顺应国际社会保护消费者权益人本化发展的价值取向,我国相关立法完善应关注这一发展趋势。     

浅析中小企业的产品再生策略

产品再生策略是对产品整体采取的一系列对策组合，作者在文中结合中小企业的特点和面临的现实困难，阐述了中小企业应用产品再生策略的意义、原则和可采取的具体措施，并对策略实施情况的评估和调整提出了系列化的建议。