Predictive Risk Modelling to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Insights and Implications from Aotearoa/New Zealand

Predictive risk modeling to identify children at risk of maltreatment has attracted considerable interest internationally. Using the example of the development of the predictive risk model in Aotearoa/New Zealand, the potential of such approaches to provide new insights into the causes of child maltreatment is explored with reference to what were identified as the main predictors of child maltreatment. The implications of these main predictors are considered both for the reform of child protection services and the future use and development of predictive risk modeling.     

不动产占有人在交易中的权益保护

在不动产一物数卖的多重买卖纠纷中,如何评价不动产占有的法律效力,保护不动产占有人的合法权益,在学理上尚缺乏系统的考察。这既囿于传统物权债权的二分财产权体系思维的困境,又陷于占有、登记法定二元公示方式的窠臼,导致法官在处理该类案件时,常陷入法律适用的两难境地。实证考察当前我国不动产权属登记等现实状况,不动产登记制度仍存在缺乏公信力等问题。而考虑到司法实践已一定程度上认可不动产占有的法律效力,学理上应适度转变物权债权严格二分、占有登记严格二分的传统思维方式,确认不动产占有所包含的实体权益。在实践中强调以相对人知悉为中心的信赖保护,辅之以善意要件证明程序来构建不动产交易秩序。     

Building European Union capacity to manage transboundary crises: Network or lead‐agency model?

In recent years, the European continent has witnessed a substantial number of “transboundary crises” – crises that cross geographical borders and affect multiple policy domains. Nation states find it hard to deal with such crises by themselves. International cooperation, thus, becomes increasingly important, but it is not clear what shape or form that cooperation should take. This article explores the growing role of the European Union (EU) in managing transboundary crises. More specifically, it reflects on the different ways in which the expanding contours of the EU's emerging crisis capacity can be organized. Using three “performative dimensions” – sense‐making, coordination, and legitimacy – the article discusses the possible advantages and disadvantages of a decentralized, network model and compares it with a more centralized, lead‐agency model. It concludes that the current network model is a logical outcome of the punctuated and fragmentary process through which EU crisis management capacities have been created. It also notes that the shortcomings of this model may necessitate elements of a lead‐agency model. Such “agencification” of networks for transboundary crisis management may well lead to a hybrid model that is uniquely suited for the peculiar organizational and political creature that the EU is.     

浅论刑事被害人的权利保障

刑事被害人没有上诉权、最后陈述权,刑事被害人委托诉讼代理人的权利没有得到充分保障;被害人诉讼代理人的阅卷权和对强制措施的异议权存在不完善之处。我们应通过修改法律,保障刑事被害人及其诉讼代理人的上述权利。在刑事诉讼过程中,应避免造成新的侵害,对程序被害人的重大损失应给予赔偿。在刑事附带民事诉讼过程中,应允许被害人提出精神损害赔偿,并保障被害人得到充足的赔偿;在被害人无法从犯罪人处得到充分赔偿时,则应通过国家补偿制度防止被害人及其亲属因为犯罪行为而陷入生活的困顿。     

和谐社会下人身权利的刑法保护

人身权利的刑法保护既是和谐社会以人为本的基本蕴涵,又是和谐社会民主法治的必然要求。然而,我国当前人身权利的刑法保护仍存在主体不平等、权利范围及保障手段不全面等问题,这在一定程度上制约着我国人权保障总体水平的发展。针对此问题,为完善和发展和谐社会下人身权利的刑法保护,我们应注重实现人身权利刑法保护的全面化、平等化与特殊化,使我国人身权利的刑法保护水平与国际社会相接轨。     

中国船舶企业的环境保护社会责任探析

国际海上运输促进了国际贸易的发展,但船舶航行中泄漏的油类和排放的温室气体也导致了对海洋和大气环境的污染.同时,船舶企业在造船、修船和拆船过程中的不当排放也导致了海洋环境的污染.环境保护是船舶企业应当承担的社会责任.为了保护海洋和大气环境,应对气候变化,国际海运界推行了一系列防止船舶油污和温室气体排放的措施和标准,对船舶企业设计和建造船舶提出了环境保护要求.中国船舶企业应当坚持绿色造船理念,设计和建造符合国际船舶能效要求的船舶,采用强调环境保护内容的造船合同文本以及在船舶建造、修理和拆解过程中注重对环境的保护.     

药品数据保护的比较分析与立法选择

TRIPS协议第39.3条首次在国际层面规定了数据保护的义务。我国是否履行了该义务的入世承诺,是中美之间重要的争议。为缓解相关的国际压力,需要构建合理的数据保护制度,梳理世界各国如何实施第39.3条具有重要的借鉴意义。从数据保护的属性来看,包括禁止占用（商业秘密）、数据专有权和市场专有权等立法模式。在具体制度上,依据TRIPS协议第39.3条,各国详细规定药品数据受保护的条件,重点界定新型化学成分与新药的关系及其范围,明确数据保护的权利内容和保护期限,构建保障公共健康的数据保护限制制度。我国应借鉴这些规定,修订《药品管理法》以完善药品数据的保护。     

论我国海洋倾废管理中的激励问题

海洋倾废管理是海洋环境管理的重要组成部分.本文从激励角度入手,基于激励手段在海洋倾废管理中的缺失来讨论目前海洋倾废管理所面临的问题,并进一步探究如何利用经济激励手段及教育激励手段改善海洋倾废管理主体监督执法动力不足、效率低下的现状,以促使海洋倾废管理对象在消除抵触情绪的同时采取有益于减少海洋倾废的源头控制行为.     

期刊数字化出版与著作权保护

期刊数字化出版作为一种新的出版方式,它正以其信息容量大、传播速度快、检索便捷等诸多优点,日益受到读者的青睐。然而,网络的广泛性和开放性,使得侵权轻而易举。在此背景下,作者、传统期刊的主办者、网络出版商三方在增强著作权保护意识的同时,签订合同,理清各自的权利和义务,同时采取有力的技术防范措施,以适应新形势下著作权保护的新特点。     

mHealth and data protection – the letter and the spirit of consent legal requirements

In this article, the role of consent is discussed in the framework of fundamental rights and in the context of mobile health technologies (mHealth), such as smart phones, mobile phones or tablet/palm-held computing devices to provide healthcare. The authors surmise how, in practice, although there will be more emphasis on informed consent formally, there will be less space for genuine individual consent. This betrays a focus more on the letter of consent rules in data protection than their spirit. This risks reducing consent to a tick box operation in a manner analogous to consumer transactions, something manifestly unsuitable for consent, even if only in informational terms, during medical procedures.