论民事诉讼中的违法公民代理——《民事诉讼法》第58条的漏洞与完善

由于2012年的《民事诉讼法》限制委托代理人范围的规定,导致超出该范围的委托成为"违法公民代理"。在否定委托行为法律效力时,基于委托代理制度的功能及程序安定要求等多种因素考虑,应当肯定后续诉讼行为的效力。为防止"违法公民代理"发生,应对判断委托代理人资格至关重要的"近亲属"标准予以明确化,并通过配套机制,促使相关人员配合法院完成对委托代理人资格的审查。     

关于个人汽车消费贷款保证保险纠纷案件的法律分析

近日,中国保监会对个人汽车消费贷款保证保险旧条款紧急叫停,根本原因在于个人汽车消费贷款保证保险纠纷案件与日俱增。正确认识保证保险条款和保证保险合作协议之间的关系是正确解决此类纠纷的关键。个人汽车消费贷款保证保险不同于担保。借款合同尚未生效,保险人不应当承担保险责任。     

Multiple stable isotope characterization as a forensic tool to distinguish acid scavenger samples

Acid scavengers are frequently used as stabilizer compounds in a variety of applications. When used to stabilize volatile compounds such as nerve agents, the lower volatility and higher stability of acid scavengers make them more persistent in a post-event forensic setting. Compound-specific isotope analysis of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen in three acid-scavenging compounds (N,N-diethylaniline, tributylamine, and triethylamine) were used as a tool for distinguishing between different samples. Combined analysis of multiple isotopes improved sample resolution, for instance differentiation between triethylamine samples improved from 80% based on carbon alone to 96% when combining with additional isotope data. The compound-specific methods developed here can be applied to instances where these compounds are not pure, such as when mixed with an agent or when found as a residue. Effective sample matching can be crucial for linking compounds at multiple event sites or linking a supply inventory to an event.     

STREET NETWORK STRUCTURE AND CRIME RISK: AN AGENT‐BASED INVESTIGATION OF THE ENCOUNTER AND ENCLOSURE HYPOTHESES

Street networks shape day‐to‐day activities in complex ways, dictating where, when, and in what contexts potential victims, offenders, and crime preventers interact with one another. Identifying generalizable principles of such influence offers considerable utility to theorists, policy makers, and practitioners. Unfortunately, key difficulties associated with the observation of these interactions, and control of the settings within which they take place, limit traditional empirical approaches that aim to uncover mechanisms linking street network structure with crime risk. By drawing on parallel advances in the formal analyses of street networks and the computational modeling of crime events interactions, we present a theoretically informed and empirically validated agent‐based model of residential burglary that permits investigation of the relationship between street network structure and crime commission and prevention through guardianship. Through the use of this model, we explore the validity of competing theoretical accounts of street network permeability and crime risk—the encounter (eyes on the street) and enclosure (defensible space) hypotheses. The results of our analyses provide support for both hypotheses, but in doing so, they reveal that the relationship between street network permeability and crime is likely nonlinear. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for both criminological theory and crime prevention practice.     

试析反向代理服务器在高校校园网络中的应用

文章在分析代理服务器、反向代理服务器的原理和功能的基础上,根据高校校园网络应用需要,提出利用反向代理服务器解决外网合法用户访问校园网络资源的应用方案。     

北京市保险个人代理人状况调查报告

保险个人代理人与所为之推销产品的保险公司之间既是代理与被代理的劳务关系,又是存在着业务关系.作为一个为数众多的特殊劳动群体,他们的工作、生活状况以及权益保护的问题是我们工会长期关注并应下力量研究解决的问题.     

海上货运委托合同受托人责任之归责原则反思

《中华人民共和国合同法》第406条中表述的“过错”与“故意”“重大过失”相对应,强调的是受托人在履行委托合同过程中对注意义务违反的范围,而非主观心理状态。海上货运委托合同项下,“过错”不应独立出来成为受托人承担责任的要件,因为过错的因素已经包含在违约行为这一基本要义之中。将过错的举证责任倒置给受托人,在一定程度上等同于将违约行为的证明责任转移给了受托人,这可能导致委托双方利益的失衡。相关司法解释的制定应建立在对《中华人民共和国合同法》第406条准确理解的基础上,根据海上货运委托合同完全商事化的特点,明确海上货运委托合同适用严格责任原则,使司法解释中委托双方权利义务的规定达到“准立法”的科学合理的目的。     

公务员个体自主性的伦理思考

公务员在行政组织中很容易出现“代理转换”的危险,从而导致公务员个体自主性缺失,当面临不道德的组织和组织的上级不负责任的行为时缺乏应有的道德责任感,丧失正确的判断力,甚至于以忠诚或服从为借口,从事非道德的行政行为。随着我国新公务员法的正式实施,彰显公务员个体伦理自主性,培养公务员个体伦理自主性显得尤为紧迫,伦理自主性将成为公务员承担道德责任、有效抵制行政腐败的内在动力。     

The nature of political advising to prime ministers in Australia,Canada, New Zealand and the UK

Political advisors to heads of government occupy such a privileged sphere of influence that their role is a source of consternation among democratic idealists. Interviews with advisors to prime ministers of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK inform a small body of comparative literature about political advising in the Commonwealth. The authors find that first ministers consider input from many advisors and therefore the counsel of any one advisor is of limited impact. Further research is needed to understand the extent to which these agents project the power of the executive office and make decisions on the principal's behalf.     

论我国外贸代理制的“权责均衡化”

外贸代理作为国际上通用的商事代理行为,在我国经过了二十多年的垄断历程。2004年我国放开外贸经营权后,外贸代理业虽遇挑战,但作为一种贸易趋势仍不失魅力。外贸代理法律制度的完善有助于外贸代理业的规范化管理,能有效协调当事人权责关系,促进我国外贸发展。我国外贸代理制度须借鉴国际外贸代理经验,明确外贸代理人的法律地位及职责,实现我国外贸代理制的真正"和谐利益"。