From Development to Empowerment: The Self-Employed Women's Association in India

Since the 1970s, development experts have increasingly focused on how development policies and strategies affect women in developing countries. In recent years, the emphasis has included empowerment, which increases women's decision-making capability and well-being. This essay is an account of the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) in India, a trade union for self-employed women since 1972. It analyzes the strategies that SEWA has used to mobilize and empower self-employed women in India, using materials and data collected on a field visit in 1998.     

赋权与互动:一次成功的倡导活动——中英项目云南大龄女童论坛与女孩一起工作的案例研究

文章展示的是云南"中英大龄女童技能培训和能力建设合作伙伴项目"的论坛活动之一.论坛以15-18岁来自农村贫困和民族地区的大龄女童为主体,让她们有机会向高层决策者表达自己及其生存社区女孩的心声和需求,进而推动政府、媒体及全社会对这部分特殊女童的积极关注.文章写实性地描述了论坛的设计与思考,赋权女童的过程以及倡导的过程和结果.     

社会关系网络在求职过程中的马太效应分析

社会转型期弱势群体在就业过程中使用社会关系网络并不会带来更好的工作我们称这种现象为社会关系网络的马太效应。它主要是由我国的历史文化背景、社会关系网络本身、人力资本等因素的影响造成的。文中对此进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

中国文化背景下的社会工作赋权:文化相关性与本土化策略

赋权是社会工作领域的重要概念和实务方法。在中国文化背景下对案主进行赋权需要充分考量中西文化的差异,采取具有文化相关性的本土化策略。我国传统文化中的"赋权""权利""道法自然""无为"等思想与西方文化中的"个人主义""权利"观念存在显著区别。由此,在对个体进行赋权过程中应检视个体自我意识与家族意识的关系,对个体进行赋权的同时应强调案主的主体性。此外,通过引导案主觉察自身所处的客观环境,提高他们的自我意识、注意力与移情能力,在此基础上承担自我责任,进而推动问题的解决。     

Antecedents of Psychological Empowerment: A Study of Greek Employees in Municipalities

ABSTRACT

Psychological empowerment has received a burgeoning attention among scholars and practitioners in the last decades. However, little is known about its antecedents in the public sector, and even more in municipalities. The present study attempts to fill this gap by examining the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX), role conflict and role ambiguity with employees’ psychological empowerment. Data were collected from 210 administrative employees of nine Greek municipalities. Results supported our hypotheses that these three factors constitute important antecedents of such employees’ psychological empowerment. Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.     

Psychological Empowerment and the Pursuit of Social Change: Outcomes of Foster Youth Engagement

Youth aging out of foster care are assumed to embody a disempowered group, for whom civic engagement opportunities are rare. Utilizing a targeted initiative, this study explores individual- and community-level outcomes derived from foster youth civic engagement. Data were collected via: (a) interview and survey research with foster youth advisory board leaders; (b) interview and survey research with civic youth workers; and, (c) non-participant observation of five foster youth advisory board meetings. Directed content analysis revealed three emergent themes, which transcended the data inductively (Opportunity through Access; Positive Conceptions of New Jersey's Department of Children and Families; and, Participatory Competence). These themes support and extend our current understanding of empowering outcomes for this population. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.     

Assessing Empowerment in Divorce Mediation

The empowerment of disputants is a fundamental concern of mediation research, but empowerment is difficult to measure. This study operationally defines empowerment in a divorce case as an agreed-upon modification of the Texas Standard Possession Order in the direction of granting more time with the child to the noncustodial parent. Using a cross-case analysis of mediated and nonmediated divorce cases, this study found that couples that participated in mediation were empowered, not disempowered, in the construction of their visitation arrangements. Implications for measuring empowerment, litigation, and legislative policy are discussed.     

赋权与规制：我国检察机关撤回起诉制度之构建

撤回起诉虽然不是刑事诉讼的一个必经程序,但它确是一种诉讼的过滤机制和补救措施,也是终止诉讼的特殊方式。现代世界许多国家和地区都在立法上规定了撤回起诉制度。我国刑事诉讼法再修改时,应当在立法上明确赋予检察机关撤回起诉的权力,并构建出具有我国特色的撤回起诉制度,使检察机关名正言顺地行使撤回起诉权,并保障检察机关撤回起诉制度公正、规范、统一的实施。     

增权理论视阈下对新生代农民工城市融入的介入

新生代农民工的城市融入性问题已成为影响城市发展、成果公平分享和中国社会良性转型的重大现实问题,运用增权理论对新生代农民工的城市融入性问题进行解读,自身权能的缺失和无权感使他们难以对城市社会产生归属感,解决这一问题的有效途径就是通过社会工作的干预和帮助,挖掘其潜能,从个体层面、人际关系层面、社会参与层面增强对权利的认识,减少或消除无权感、无助感,实现增权。即个体层面的增权：提升主体意识,增强认同感;人际关系层面的增权：扩大社会交往的范围,提升社会交往的层次;社会参与层面的增权：完善社会参与渠道,增强话语权。从个人能力、人际交往、社会参与三个方面进行增权,使之更好地融入城市社会。