US police officers’ knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception: Implications for eradicating erroneous beliefs through training

Abstract

The current study surveyed a random sample of Texas law enforcement officers (n?=?109) about their knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception. The officers were not highly knowledgeable about this topic, overall performing at a chance level in assessing how various behavioral cues relate to deception. Confidence in one's skill was unrelated to accuracy, and officers who reported receiving the most training and utilizing these skills more often were more confident but no more accurate in their knowledge of the behaviors that typically betray deception. The authors compare these results to previous studies that have examined officers’ beliefs in other countries and discuss the implication of these results in terms of developing future training programs that may debunk the common misconceptions that officers possess.     

Violent backgrounds of economically disadvantaged youth: Risk factors for perpetrating violence?

Adolescent Job Corps residents (n=474) reported the violence they had experienced, witnessed, and perpetrated with regards to parents, siblings, friends, and strangers. Results indicated that there was a high prevalence of all types of violence in this atrisk adolescent sample. Moreover, the majority of adolescents who reported violent experiences indicated threat or use of a weapon was involved. Gender differences were obtained such that boys reported perpetrating more aggression against friends and strangers than girls. Girls reported witnessing more parental aggression than boys. No gender differences in parental victimization rates were obtained. Contrary to prediction, parental victimization did not significantly predict perpetration towards siblings, friends, or strangers for either gender. However, parental victimization did predict increased violence towards parents. Surprisingly, for females especially, witnessing parental violence reduced the likelihood of violence towards parents. These findings support the need to include conflict resolution skills as a component of Job Corps training.     

Victims and property victimization in Israel

Property victimization has increased in recent years in Israel. Apartment burglary and car theft have become a major component in the Israeli public's concern about crime. This paper explores the hypothesis that characteristics of the crime target are central to understanding property victimization. The hypothesis is tested with data from the Third National Israeli Victimization Survey. For apartment burglary, it was found that the larger the number of rooms in the apartment, the higher the risk of victimization. For car theft, it was found that newer cars were more likely to be stolen than older cars. The results shed light on the prominence of property characteristics in the offender's decision-making process and target selection. Data for this study were made available through the Social Sciences Data Archive, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.     

Offenders' choice of target: Findings from victim surveys

This paper argues that victimological research on risks can contribute to the study of offender decision-making. It examines some of the problems in conventional approaches to the topic and discusses strengths and weaknesses of surveys of victimization as an additional source of information. It presents and discusses a conceptual framework for examining target selection, the key elements of which are proximity, yield, and accessibility. It presents a worked example in the shape of findings on burglary from the British Crime Survey.     

论当前强化“四种危险”意识的现实意义

“四种危险”是当前党执政的安全警示，更是当前各级党员领导干部必须正视的问题。强化“四种危险”意识，标志着党的忧患意识进一步系统化，也标志着我们党对当前执政面临的问题和危险有了清醒的认识。当前进一步强化“四种危险”意识。具有多方面的理论意义和现实意义。     

论抵押权的存续期间及相关问题——基于物权法第202条的探讨

物权法第202条的规定,在司法实践中引起了一定的争议,从不同的理念出发可以做出不同的解释,因对法律理解的不统一导致的同案异判现象,在某种程度上有损法律的权威.在理论界,抵押权的存续期间也是个见仁见智的问题.将抵押权存续期间视为除斥期间产生失权的效果,可以最大限度地化解物权法第202条规定带来的实践问题,也符合立法的价值取向.除此以外,物权法第202条还有其它问题值得探讨.     

Li Shaogang,Champion of?Folk Operas

正IN early April,when most Chinese people were mourning the dead on Qingming(Tomb Sweeping)Festival,Li Shaogang went on the road with two postgraduate students from Nanjing University to research folk operas in Heyang County.Li chairs the local Heyang Hop Opera association.     

Gender Differences in Worry About a Terrorist Attack: A Cross-National Examination of Individual- and National-Level Factors

Prior research has found gender to be associated with worry about crime and terrorism. We used World Values Survey data to assess gender differences in worry about terrorism across 54 nations. Analyses also examined the influence of individual- and national-level factors. Women were significantly more worried about terrorism in 22 of the 54 nations. Men in Iraq, Libya, Yemen, and New Zealand were significantly more worried about terrorism than women. Individuals were more likely to worry about terrorism as the nation’s average mortality count in terrorist incidents increased. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

Perception of Seriousness and Concern about White-Collar Crime: Some Results of an Opinion Survey Among Swiss Banks

Scientifically, little is known about white-collar crime in Switzerland or concern about white-collar crime and even less about how concerned bank employees are about this criminality. This article is based on a small opinion survey of Swiss bank employees and tries to explore perceptions of seriousness and concern about white-collar crime among people who, in their position, might have to face this issue regularly. Past assumptions on the public’s indifference towards white-collar crime seem not to be confirmed in this study as the results obtained demonstrate a greater sensitivity with respect to white-collar crime and especially towards crimes perpetrated by corporations. Even though Swiss bank employees do qualify white-collar offences as very serious acts, they are still more punitive with regard to ordinary crimes.     

"美学大讨论"时期朱光潜美学略论

新中国初期,朱光潜先生身处逆境而仍能在美学上大有作为.他积极参与了以批判自己的学术观点为开端的美学大讨论.在此过程中,他却能反客为主,提出了一系列带有普遍性的重大理论问题,最后卓然成一家言,既自我树立,又推动了当时整个美学理论界的思考,创造了当时美学界的奇迹.