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611.
Abstract: Age estimation is routinely undertaken by comparing radiographs of the individual in question to published reference samples of individuals of known age. This study examines the reliability of age estimation utilizing the Greulich and Pyle atlas in relation to both left‐ and right‐hand/wrist radiographs and explores whether reversing right‐hand/wrist radiographs, so that they are in the same anatomical orientation as those images used in the atlas affects reliability. A total of 403 left‐hand/wrist radiographs and 415 right‐hand/wrist radiographs were age assessed using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Analysis showed that there is no significant loss in reliability when radiographs of the right hand (women R2 = 0.887 and men R2 = 0.907) are utilized instead of the left (women R2 = 0.939 and men R2 = 0.940) or when they are assessed as mirror images to those printed in the reference atlas (reversed female left hand R2 = 0.929 and reversed male left hand R2 = 0.931). 相似文献
612.
When determining an age estimate from adult skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists face a series of methodological choices. These decisions, such as which skeletal region to evaluate, which methods to apply, what statistical information to use, and how to combine information from multiple methods, ultimately impacts the final reported age estimate. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 145 forensic anthropologists, documenting current trends in adult age at death estimation procedures used throughout the field. Results indicate that the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis method (1990) remains the most highly favored aging technique, with cranial sutures and dental wear being the least preferred, regardless of experience. The majority of respondents stated that they vary their skeletal age estimate process case-by-case and ultimately present to officials both a narrow and broad possible age range. Overall, respondents displayed a very high degree of variation in how they generate their age estimates, and indicated that experience and expertise play a large role in skeletal age estimates. 相似文献
613.
Nancy L. Galambos Johanna Darrah Joyce Magill-Evans 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(6):825-834
This study examined subjective age (how old one feels) and associated variables in 148 emerging adults, ages 20–30 years.
Seventy-six participants had a motor disability (cerebral palsy, spina bifida) and 72 had no motor disability. Participants
completed questionnaires and were interviewed. There was no significant difference in subjective age between groups. Consistent
with previous research, chronological and subjective ages were significantly negatively related in participants without motor
disabilities. Chronological and subjective ages were unrelated in the group with motor disabilities but higher psychosocial
maturity was related to an older subjective age. Perceptions of how much parents fostered autonomy did not predict subjective
age in either group. In both groups, individuals whose parents treated them as younger reported feeling younger. Number of
role transitions did not predict subjective age. The results highlight the importance of exploring motor disabilities as a
source of diversity in the subjective ages of young people during the transition to adulthood.
相似文献
Nancy L. GalambosEmail: |
614.
Cardoso HF 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(2):434-437
Liversidge and colleagues developed a method for predicting the age of immature skeletal remains based on the length of developing teeth. This quantitative method combines dental data from both jaws, except for the permanent lateral incisor, and because there are reasons to suspect that these two types of data are not identical and should not be combined, it raises concerns regarding the accuracy of the technique when applied differently to each jaw. In this study, the differential accuracy of the method was test when applied to the maxillary and mandibular dentition. The test sample is comprised of 57 Portuguese subadult skeletons of known age at death. Results suggest an overall high consistency between estimates obtained from both jaws, but for the permanent dentition only. In the deciduous dentition the age estimates obtained from the maxillary teeth tend to be greater than the age estimates obtained from the mandibular pair, and the differences are significant for the incisors and canine. Additionally, ages obtained from the maxillary deciduous canine also differ significantly from true chronological age. In the permanent dentition there were no differences between the ages provided by both jaws but both the maxillary and mandibular second molars show a significant tendency to underestimate true chronological age. Although this study cannot validate completely the method presented by Liversidge and colleagues, it does provide an important test to its accuracy and calls for further research into its overall performance, particularly with respect to the results obtained from both jaws. 相似文献
615.
The Tucson Police Department, Tucson, AZ, has begun using the Polyshok Impact Reactive Projectile (IRP), a new type of shotgun ammunition that includes a lead bead core that travels within single, plastic-encased projectile. On impact, the core is released to distribute over a small area, thereby disintegrating on impact to reduce the likelihood of exit or collateral damage on missed shots. After a brief review of shotgun slug ballistics and wound characteristics and a discussion of the mechanism of the Polyshok IRP, we report the first death in the United States from this ammunition. Findings included a single entrance wound with plastic ammunition components and small lead particles recovered from the body, the combination of which normally would suggest a close-range shooting with birdshot. However, the characteristics of this ammunition create different patterns than are found with slugs or shot, so that a medical examiner unfamiliar with the Polyshok IRP could draw inaccurate conclusions about ammunition and range of fire. Because the single projectile fired from this ammunition is composed of both plastic and lead, plastic components are likely to be found within the wound at any range of fire, unlike traditional shot or slug ammunition. Also, the small size of lead particles found spread through the wound cavity would ordinarily suggest a small-size shot, whereas the external appearance of the wound (a single entrance with no dispersion of shot) and the pattern of tissue destruction are more consistent with the patterns of injury associated with shotgun slugs. 相似文献
616.
Mandibular morphology as an indicator of human subadult age: interlandmark approaches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The dentition is widely recognized as the set of developmental markers that appear to show the least variability against chronological age; these markers are thus widely used in forensic anthropological investigations. As a possible alternative, we investigate here the potential of mandibular morphology as a developmental marker for estimating age at death in subadults. The sample analyzed comprises 79 known age and sex subadult individuals of South African Bantu and African American origin. Linear measurements of ramus height were obtained from the mathematical conversion of three-dimensional landmark data. A series of regression analyses were then performed to predict age by using the measurement of ramus height; results were cross-validated using a jackknife procedure. Our results show that ramus height can be used to predict age in the subadult skeleton with accuracy, closely approaching that of standards based on the dentition (standard error rates are between +/-1.1 years and +/-2.4 years). 相似文献
617.
Buck U Naether S Braun M Bolliger S Friederich H Jackowski C Aghayev E Christe A Vock P Dirnhofer R Thali MJ 《Forensic science international》2007,170(1):20-28
The examination of traffic accidents is daily routine in forensic medicine. An important question in the analysis of the victims of traffic accidents, for example in collisions between motor vehicles and pedestrians or cyclists, is the situation of the impact. Apart from forensic medical examinations (external examination and autopsy), three-dimensional technologies and methods are gaining importance in forensic investigations. Besides the post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the documentation and analysis of internal findings, highly precise 3D surface scanning is employed for the documentation of the external body findings and of injury-inflicting instruments. The correlation of injuries of the body to the injury-inflicting object and the accident mechanism are of great importance. The applied methods include documentation of the external and internal body and the involved vehicles and inflicting tools as well as the analysis of the acquired data. The body surface and the accident vehicles with their damages were digitized by 3D surface scanning. For the internal findings of the body, post-mortem MSCT and MRI were used. The analysis included the processing of the obtained data to 3D models, determination of the driving direction of the vehicle, correlation of injuries to the vehicle damages, geometric determination of the impact situation and evaluation of further findings of the accident. In the following article, the benefits of the 3D documentation and computer-assisted, drawn-to-scale 3D comparisons of the relevant injuries with the damages to the vehicle in the analysis of the course of accidents, especially with regard to the impact situation, are shown on two examined cases. 相似文献
618.
619.
目的比较TW2法英国人标准、TW2法中国人南方标准和TW3法测定腕骨骨龄对特发性性早熟(IPP)女孩的诊断价值。方法女性IPP患儿55例;对照组83例。回顾性分析初诊左腕X线片,用TW2法、TW2CHC中国人南方标准和TW3法盲法分期,分别测得其腕骨骨龄及其百分位,并分为5个连续性的工作点,即:>P97、>P90、>P75、>P50和、≤P50。结果敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe)都比较高的有以下3个工作点:TW2CH“>P90”点,TW3“>P90”点,TW2“>P90”点。结论TW系统3种腕骨骨龄对于IPP女孩都有诊断价值,TW3法和TW2法中国人南方标准诊断价值比较高,TW2法英国人标准的诊断价值为中等。 相似文献
620.
目的观察大鼠皮肤切创后泛素(ubiquitin)表达的变化规律。方法应用免疫组化方法,观察大鼠皮肤切创后1、3、6、12h和1、3、6、10、14d ubiquitin的表达情况,并用图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果正常对照组大鼠皮肤有低水平ubiquitin表达,切创后ubiquitin表达增加,伤后6d达峰值,伤后10d开始下降,伤后14d恢复到正常水平。结论ubiquitin可作为法医学损伤时间推断的有效指标。 相似文献