Measuring the frequency occurrence of handwritten numeral characteristics—An expanded list

In the third of a series of studies and reports, the authors expand on the frequency occurrence proportions of various handwritten features. The first study culminated in the publication of “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics.” That study was followed by “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics.” The premise of this current and future follow‐up studies is to expand on the initial lists of information incrementally by expanding the number of features and the number of writers. This study expands on the list of numeral features. A total of 34 numeral features was selected by the authors as candidates for this study and tested through an attribute agreement analysis. Based on the results of the testing, 17 new features have been added to the list of proportions. The original 1410 handwritten numeral specimen forms were utilized and pared to 1024 to obtain a proper population sampling for the United States. Interdependency testing was conducted on 783 pairs of inter‐character numerals. A coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 was found in 534 (68.20%) of these pairs. As of this report, there are now a total of 42 numerals with measured frequencies of occurrence. This material has already borne fruit as the combined frequency of occurrence studies were explained during an unsuccessful exclusion hearing in court with an explanation as to how these studies support the reliability of forensic document examination.     

让步关系句的使用与英语写作成绩间的相关性研究

在语言教学领域，句法结构对语篇学习的作用一直是研究的薄弱环节。通过实证方法能具体验证某句法结构与语篇学习间的相关性。以让步关系句为例，通过比较学生在两次测试中的让步结构使用情况和作文成绩，可以得知两者间确实存在正相关关系，即让步结构作用值越高，作文均分就越高。但让步结构的使用在促进学生提高写作水平方面的作用是有限的。     

‘Keeping the Ruins Private’: Anna Kavan and Heroin Addiction

Abstract

In 1964, the number of registered heroin addicts in Britain was 753. One of these was Anna Kavan, née Helen Woods. Beginning her writing career under the name Helen Ferguson, she wrote conventionally realist novels that enjoyed modest commercial success. In 1939–40, after a number of serious breakdowns and suicide attempts, and now calling herself Anna Kavan, Woods/Ferguson left a Swiss sanatorium addicted to heroin, which had almost certainly been therapeutically prescribed for sleeping disorders and severe depression. From then until her death in 1968, when she was found collapsed over a box of heroin, Kavan had an intermittent but intense relationship with the drug. This essay examines the ways in which Kavan has been constructed as an ‘addict writer’, both by her biographers and critics, and how this designation has influenced critical readings of her work.     

公安应用文书写作教学练战一体化教学模式研究

文章以教学为出发点，以培养实战能力为目的，深入研究了三方面的问题，即加强教学方法的研究，提高实战训练效果，建立以形成性评价为主、结果性评价为辅的评价方式。强调将能力培养贯穿于教学全过程，实现教学由主导型向引导型转变，构建互动式教学模式，营造宽松的体验式的教学环境，使学生成为真正的学习主体，以提高实战能力。     

美国宪法解释方法之要素分析

美国宪法解释方法虽各不相同,但每一种方法论背后基本上都围绕着相同的元素进行解释,这就是：宪法文字的含义、立宪者意图、司法判例和价值判断。无论上述哪种情况,总会涉及到法官的价值判断,这是无法摆脱的现实。只要是对文字语言的解释,解释者必然会将解释建立在自身的价值判断之上,关键是这种价值是否符合人类的整体价值和社会进步的价值观。     

客观最大化与视觉冲击力双赢的实现机制——以法制新闻报道为视角的考察

法制新闻在上个世纪末到本世纪初的最近几年才成为新闻学的一个新的分支学科,而这种新产生体系的不完整性,导致了各种不规范现象大量存在于法制新闻的报道中,其主要的是客观最大化和视觉冲击力间的矛盾.不同媒介的不同表现形式,所表现出来的矛盾形态也有所不同,从平衡两者之间的目的出发,应该从新闻标题的制作、正文的撰写、与电视节目特有的影像制作等方面,解决法制新闻中客观最大化和视觉冲击力之间的矛盾.     

论多媒体教学在公安应用写作教学中的运用

公安应用写作是一门实践性很强的工具学科。文章在指出公安应用写作教学中实施多媒体教学的必要性的基础上，探索了在精讲多练教学、模拟教学和案例教学中进行多媒体教学的实施策略．这对于提高学员的应用写作能力、提高公安文书写作课的教学质量具有十分重要的意义。     

显现的法律与隐在的法律——从语言学的角度分析

当今各国的法律主要是以语言作为载体表现出来的，但法律创制者（成文法的制定者、判例法的创立者）所欲表达的信息与意义，一旦通过言语的方式固化后，其所传达给受众的信息与意义在不同程度上会发生扭曲或变异，成文法与显现的法律相当，隐在的法律必须被置于“活法”中加以考察，对真实法律判断不但要考察法律的形式，同时，也需要从互动的角度加以观察。     

论明末科举文风的文学效应

明代末年以研讨八股文兼及诗文创作的文社大量兴起,明末文学家大多经过文社的培养而享誉文坛,社团文人成为文坛的主要文人群体.作为备科举考试的社团文人,在社团内接受科举考试训练和八股文创作的学习,同时又从事诗文创作.社团文人的科举思维对他们的诗文创作具有深刻影响,形成明末文坛以六经为根柢的儒者古文.社团文人创作往往借鉴时文法入古文,或者借鉴古文法入时文,使明末文学创作与理论批评具有不同以往的鲜明特色.     

文化差异对外语写作中语篇构建和思维模式的影响

本文以国外学者对语篇构建以及思维模式的论述为对照,对四川外语学院三个班的本科一年级学生和一个研究生班的学生进行分组调查。统计结果分析表明,文化差异对学生的思维模式以及他们在写作过程中的语篇组织都有很大的影响。要以此来使学生注意到这种差异,从而对西方的思维模式和语篇构建方式进行有效的模仿,才能写出更地道的英语作文。