马克思晚年存在一个"人类学转向"吗——中国特色马克思文本学的个案研究

长期以来,国内外学界的流行观点认为,马克思晚年对摩尔根等人类学家著作所作的篇幅巨大的笔记,表明了他晚年时期的一个新的研究动向——放弃唯物史观原有立场和《资本论》创作,转向实证科学、经验科学色彩的"人类学研究"。实际上,这种看法是不能成立的,马克思在其晚年笔记中并未转向所谓"人类学研究,"而是立足于唯物史观的原有理论和方法,从历史哲学层次,概括、借鉴人类学家的最新科学成就,系统探索唯物史观的新研究领域——国家与文明起源理论、原始社会理论。"人类学转向说"不符合马克思晚年思想的实际状况,是对马克思晚年笔记严重误读的产物。     

我国BOT特许协议若干法律问题研究

BOT具有项目参与主体多元性,法律关系的多样性,合同的组合性、主从性,特许期满时基础设施及其经营权的无偿移交性,项目债务的有限追索性,法律适用的复杂性等特征;其适用的法律框架体系由宪法、我国外商投资法律、行政法规、部门规章、地方性法规和地方政府规章、国际公约或协定等组成;BOT中私人企业与政府之间特许协议所涉及的特许经营者的一般条款、政府承诺和保障条款、定价条款、协议的变更和终止条款、项目风险的分担机制条款、争议解决机制条款等是其主要法律问题。BOT特许协议本质上属于可能具有涉外因素的国内私法契约,即具有强烈的民商事法律属性。     

浅议加入WTO后我国著作权的保护问题——兼评修订后的著作权法

加入WTO后 ,我国的著作权保护面临着许多实际问题。为此九届全国人大常委会第二十四次会议对《中华人民共和国著作权法》进行了全面修改 ,以适应这一新形势的要求。     

论引入判例法的必要性

改革开放以来,我国在立法方面取得了长足的进步,这为依法治国打下了坚实的基础,但是同时我们也应该看到随着社会的发展,新情况的不断涌现,法律“盲区”出现,使得法官无法可依,因此,引入判例法应该是解决这一问题的一个办法。     

在开放的体系中设立情势变更条款--兼评我国合同法第94条与第117条

我国现行合同法中"情势变更"制度立法缺位.针对社会发展的需要,我们亟待对情势变更做出法律规定.我国虽可继续使用"情势变更"的名称,但更适宜采取合同落空的广义内涵,建议将此制度列于合同法关于"合同的效力"一章中予以规定.     

The formation of an international environmental agreement as a two-stage exclusive cartel formation game with transferable utilities

We construct a two-stage exclusive cartel formation game with utility transfers to model the formation process of an international environmental agreement. Our results show that in the first stage of low degree of consensus, engaging in utility transfers by asymmetric countries will accomplish little. In contrast, in the second stage of higher degree of consensus, it is more likely for asymmetric countries to engage in monetary transfers to form the grand coalition, particularly if a small stable coalition has already been formed in the first stage. This article therefore provides a theoretical perspective to explain why it is more likely for some developed countries to initiate an IEA formation process by forming a small stable coalition first before engaging in monetary transfers to form the grand coalition with all the other countries. Such a perspective is consistent with the historical development of the Montreal Protocol and may also explain the difficulty for asymmetric countries to form the grand coalition at the beginning of the IEA formation process of the Kyoto Protocol.

Measuring the frequency occurrence of handwritten numeral characteristics—An expanded list

In the third of a series of studies and reports, the authors expand on the frequency occurrence proportions of various handwritten features. The first study culminated in the publication of “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics.” That study was followed by “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics.” The premise of this current and future follow‐up studies is to expand on the initial lists of information incrementally by expanding the number of features and the number of writers. This study expands on the list of numeral features. A total of 34 numeral features was selected by the authors as candidates for this study and tested through an attribute agreement analysis. Based on the results of the testing, 17 new features have been added to the list of proportions. The original 1410 handwritten numeral specimen forms were utilized and pared to 1024 to obtain a proper population sampling for the United States. Interdependency testing was conducted on 783 pairs of inter‐character numerals. A coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 was found in 534 (68.20%) of these pairs. As of this report, there are now a total of 42 numerals with measured frequencies of occurrence. This material has already borne fruit as the combined frequency of occurrence studies were explained during an unsuccessful exclusion hearing in court with an explanation as to how these studies support the reliability of forensic document examination.     

未批准的出资额转让协议民事责任性质——以中外合资经营企业为例

我国已往的司法解释规定,出资额转让协议未经批准时的责任为缔约过失责任。基于缔约过失责任赔偿原则、赔偿方式的单一性以及赔偿范围的局限性,其根本无法有效地维护诚信当事人的利益。最高人民法院新近颁布的《关于审理外商投资企业纠纷案件若干问题的规定（一）》根据当事人是否履行报批义务规定了不同的责任方式。但受制于解释权限,该规定很难说是最为科学的制度设计。从实现审批目的的意图出发,结合公司法的私法特性和出资额的财产属性,未经批准仅仅导致出资额权属不发生变动,并不影响协议的效力。有过错的一方应承担违约责任。     

Is the Sum Greater than the Parts? The Terms of Civil War Peace Agreements and the Commitment Problem Revisited

The dominant theoretical approaches to civil war negotiations in the field of political science have sought to explain both the scarcity and high failure rates of negotiated agreements in civil conflicts. This historical pattern, however, has fundamentally changed in the last two decades as changes in international norms and laws, as well as the increased prevalence and competence of peacebuilding professionals, now require conflict actors to have a greater commitment toward negotiations and the enforcement of agreements. While actors in interstate wars seek to avoid accountability, civil war actors seem to embrace the opportunities that these new dynamics create to achieve broad‐based reforms across numerous areas of policy and government. The result, we suggest, is that stakeholders evaluate agreements based on their potential to accomplish an array of sociopolitical objectives. In addition, for strategic and practical reasons, they perceive that those agreements that include more reforms across multiple policy sectors will have the greatest potential. Our examination of nearly two hundred agreements found evidence that the peacemaking potential of a negotiated agreement between civil war adversaries is greatly enhanced when reforms are pursued across many different policy domains. Conversely, our analysis suggests that the greater the number of policy areas left untouched by a peace agreement, the more likely the stakeholders will be to follow that agreement with additional negotiations to enhance that agreement, or, alternatively, the more likely that violence will resume.     

试用期间的产品瑕疵责任

试用买卖是以买受人试用后对标的物的认可作为生效条件的合同.在试用期内,虽然买卖合同尚未正式生效,但出卖人对买受人仍然负有某种附随义务,即先合同义务.试用期间因出卖人提供的产品存在质量瑕疵而给买受人造成损害的,应依法承担缔约过失责任.