寻找与寄托--“长征纪念热”背后的社会文化心理分析

在信念失落、价值迷惘的今天,再到长征那里去寻觅精神支柱,这就是长征纪念热背后蕴涵的一股欲以重建中国价值信念的隐蔽型文化思潮。     

新形势下高校工会思想政治工作浅析

新形势下的高校工会 ,在特定的环境中 ,应摆正思想政治工作位置 ,抓住理想信念核心 ,围绕党的中心任务 ,增强政治敏锐性。根据高校特点 ,因地、因人、因事、因时地开展思想政治工作 ,牢牢把握思想政治工作主动权     

领导者公共形象特性分析

从广义上说,政府形象包括领导者形象,也是政府系统向社会提供的“公共产品”之一。当我们述及领导者“公共形象”的时候,其实是指它的伦理形象。形体形象包含的视觉信息,是人格形象的物理基础。但是归根结底,形象的穿透力和影响力的关健,还在于它的伦理性而非它的物理性,在于其形象构造中的伦理元素和心理说服。领导者公共形象面临的最为基本的问题,是如何以人格、人品、人性、人情这些东西,去“说服”公众。领导者的公共形象,最为根本的,是“人格形象”的建造。对领导者公共形象的认识和对领导者公共形象的管理,正是建立在对公共伦理精神深入把握这一事实基础之上的。     

RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN SENTENCING DEPARTURES ACROSS MODES OF CONVICTION*

Recent analyses of guideline sentencing practices have demonstrated that sentences departing from guidelines serve as a significant locus of racial/ethnic and other extralegal disparity. Little is known, however, about the ways that different courtroom processes, such as modes of conviction, condition these effects. Using recent data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), I analyze the overall effects of race/ethnicity and other factors on judicial decisions to depart from the sentencing guidelines, and then I reexamine these relationships according to four modes of conviction (non‐negotiated pleas, negotiated pleas, bench trials, and jury trials). I argue that the mode of conviction provides a useful indicator of the differential exercise of discretion by different courtroom actors in the sentencing process. As such, it is likely to condition the use of stereotypical patterned responses, thus moderating the effects of race/ethnicity and other relevant sentencing factors. Findings support this expectation, demonstrating that extralegal effects vary considerably across modes of conviction. These results raise important questions about the role of different courtroom actors in contributing to racial and ethnic disparities under sentencing guidelines.     

论理想信念教育的重要性及其落脚点

理想信念教育是社会主义事业的内在规定和根本要求,目前社会主义理想信念教育的落脚点应是共产主义的共同理想,即坚持共产主义的崇高理想和信念。     

定罪概念及原则的刑事一体化思考

从刑事一体化的视角将定罪作为动态的司法活动来考察 ,定罪是指国家专门机关依法定程序与证据 ,根据刑法 ,确定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为是否符合刑法规定的犯罪构成的活动。定罪的主体是国家专门机关 ;定罪的对象是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为 ;定罪的根据包括事实根据及法律根据 ;定罪的内容与目标是确定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为是否符合刑法规定的犯罪构成 ;定罪既是司法人员的主观认识过程 ,又充满了法律价值的权衡与选择。定罪的原则包括程序法原则与实体法原则两大组成部分 ,定罪的程序法原则为程序法定原则、证据裁判原则、无罪推定原则 ;定罪的实体法原则包括罪之法定原则、主客观相统一原则、必要性原则。     

Officials' Estimates of the Incidence of “Actual Innocence” Convictions

Evidence indicates that the conviction and imprisonment of factually innocent persons occur with some regularity. Most research focuses on causes, but the incidence of wrongful convictions is an important scientific and policy issue, especially as no official body gathers data on miscarriages of justice. Two methods are available for discovering the incidence of wrongful conviction: (1) enumerating specific cases and (2) having criminal justice experts estimate its incidence. Counts or catalogues of wrongful conviction necessarily undercount its incidence and are subject to accuracy challenges. We surveyed Michigan criminal justice officials, replicating a recent Ohio survey, to obtain an expert estimate of the incidence of wrongful conviction. All groups combined estimated that wrongful convictions occurred at a rate of less than ½ percent in their own jurisdiction and at a rate of 1–3 percent in the United States. Defense lawyers estimate higher rates of wrongful conviction than judges, who estimate higher rates than police officials and prosecutors. These differences may be explained by professional socialization. An overall wrongful conviction estimate of ½ percent extrapolates to about 5,000 wrongful felony convictions and the imprisonment of more than 2,000 innocent persons in the United States every year.     

Advancing Wrongful Conviction Scholarship: Toward New Conceptual Frameworks

As wrongful conviction scholarship grows, some scholars have suggested that existing research on miscarriages of justice lacks theoretical grounding and methodological sophistication, arguing that the use of social science theory may help to better understand wrongful convictions. In this article, we suggest that it may be useful to draw upon conceptual frameworks found in traditional criminal justice studies, discuss what such approaches might suggest about miscarriages of justice, and begin to explore the questions or topics they may encourage interested researchers to pursue. Furthermore, through this broad theoretical lens, we can see that criminal justice theory is present, at least implicitly, in some existing innocence literature, and that making such theoretical connections more explicit may help to move the study of wrongful conviction into the mainstream of criminal justice research.     

关于增设消除犯罪记录型缓刑之立法建议的置疑

伴随着对前科消灭制度关注度的日益升高,在刑法领域内盲目套用前科消灭理论的不正确做法逐渐增多,关于增设＂消除犯罪记录型缓刑＂的观点就是表现之一。此种学说的关键理论依据在于：缓刑考验期满后,保留犯罪记录会对缓刑犯产生标签效应,不利于其社会复归。对于此种学说的规模化出现应当加以系统的反思和批判,清晰地区分国内外刑事立法体系的差异,确立正确的缓刑观,坚持用审慎的眼光去分析缓刑制度与前科消灭理论的相互界限和各自相互独立的立法初衷,防止类似不正确观点的进一步扩大化。     

知识产权犯罪中既未遂形态的认定——以销售假冒注册商标的商品罪为例

销售假冒注册商标的商品罪是侵犯知识产权犯罪中最常见的一类,由于犯罪构成的特点,导致对其犯罪成立及停止形态的认定存在着争议。把握好数额要件在本罪中的法律地位及评价作用,才能准确地定罪量刑．体现罪刑的平衡。