关于增设消除犯罪记录型缓刑之立法建议的置疑

伴随着对前科消灭制度关注度的日益升高,在刑法领域内盲目套用前科消灭理论的不正确做法逐渐增多,关于增设＂消除犯罪记录型缓刑＂的观点就是表现之一。此种学说的关键理论依据在于：缓刑考验期满后,保留犯罪记录会对缓刑犯产生标签效应,不利于其社会复归。对于此种学说的规模化出现应当加以系统的反思和批判,清晰地区分国内外刑事立法体系的差异,确立正确的缓刑观,坚持用审慎的眼光去分析缓刑制度与前科消灭理论的相互界限和各自相互独立的立法初衷,防止类似不正确观点的进一步扩大化。     

故意杀人行为的类型化考量

故意杀人行为的定罪量刑是一个十分复杂的工程,而我国刑法却只予以了简单的规定,致使实践中出现同案不同判或本应以故意杀人罪评价的行为却在其他罪中评价,主要原因之一是缺乏“类型化”的方法论指导。在我国对故意杀人行为进行类型化,有其历史基础和国外经验的借鉴;并且有其现实意义,即有利于我国故意杀人罪量刑基准的确定,有利于从立法上消减死刑条款,有利于处理《刑法》第17条第2款在司法实践中的问题,有利于弥补对行为评价的不足。     

定罪概念及原则的刑事一体化思考

从刑事一体化的视角将定罪作为动态的司法活动来考察 ,定罪是指国家专门机关依法定程序与证据 ,根据刑法 ,确定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为是否符合刑法规定的犯罪构成的活动。定罪的主体是国家专门机关 ;定罪的对象是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为 ;定罪的根据包括事实根据及法律根据 ;定罪的内容与目标是确定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为是否符合刑法规定的犯罪构成 ;定罪既是司法人员的主观认识过程 ,又充满了法律价值的权衡与选择。定罪的原则包括程序法原则与实体法原则两大组成部分 ,定罪的程序法原则为程序法定原则、证据裁判原则、无罪推定原则 ;定罪的实体法原则包括罪之法定原则、主客观相统一原则、必要性原则。     

Advancing Wrongful Conviction Scholarship: Toward New Conceptual Frameworks

As wrongful conviction scholarship grows, some scholars have suggested that existing research on miscarriages of justice lacks theoretical grounding and methodological sophistication, arguing that the use of social science theory may help to better understand wrongful convictions. In this article, we suggest that it may be useful to draw upon conceptual frameworks found in traditional criminal justice studies, discuss what such approaches might suggest about miscarriages of justice, and begin to explore the questions or topics they may encourage interested researchers to pursue. Furthermore, through this broad theoretical lens, we can see that criminal justice theory is present, at least implicitly, in some existing innocence literature, and that making such theoretical connections more explicit may help to move the study of wrongful conviction into the mainstream of criminal justice research.     

We mind and we care but have things changed? Assessment of progress in the reporting,investigating and prosecution of allegations of rape

Abstract

This paper discusses three themes in relation to assessing progress in the Criminal Justice System's (CJS) ability to investigate and successfully prosecute rape. The themes are business as usual, the justice gap and implementation problems. They arose as a consequence of two discussion papers in this volume by Kate Cook and Jan Jordan, who take positions of optimism and pessimism with respect to improvements for rape victim survivors after a series of reforms and changes in police and prosecution procedures. The stimulus for these papers was the latest review in England and Wales into the CJS's approach to rape conducted by Baroness Stern (2010). The present paper observes that the lack of systematic evaluative research makes it difficult to assess whether innovations in the CJS with respect to rape have been effective or to partial out the relative contribution law reform and changing police or prosecution practice may have made to reporting and conviction rates. Finally, it is suggested that intensification of effort to fully implement review recommendations may achieve limited improvement because of the characteristics of an adversarial legal model.     

刑事简易程序的多元化建构

刑事简易程序的本质特征是审判方式的简化。域外刑事简易程序的发展趋势是多元化,即简易程序的设计并不局限于单一形式。针对我国简易程序中存在的问题,应当改变简易程序单一的现状,构建多元化的刑事简易程序,具体为重构简易程序,增设处罚令程序、被告人认罪径行判决程序、刑事和解程序和认罪协商程序。     

心证自由的层次性分析及其客观化制约

心证自由有两个层次 ,即狭义上的心证自由和广义上的心证自由。自由心证制度将会受到更多制约是大势所趋。其主要受心证主体客观条件、诉讼程序内在规律、证据法律规则、经验和逻辑规则、心证公开制度的制约。要使自由心证制度在我国走向理性化、规范化必须提高法官队伍的素质 ,改革审判委员会制度和错案追究制 ,推动我国现有诉讼模式尽快向当事人主义过渡 ,并切实保障心证过程公开化     

在社会思潮多元化中坚持马克思主义理想信念

当代社会思潮呈现多元化的趋势,各种社会思潮层出不穷,相互激荡,争夺话语权,在理想、信念、价值观三个方面对马克思主义理想信念产生了冲击。用马克思主义引领社会思潮,要巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,在实践中不断创新和发展马克思主义学说,做好理论的宣传和普及工作,在思想道德建设和国民教育体系中突出马克思主义理想信念,积极探索用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的有效途径。