端粒酶及hTERT基因研究进展

1985年Blackburn实验室在四膜虫中发现并纯化了一种核糖核酸蛋白酶--端粒酶,此酶能以爬行方式在染色体末端添加端粒重复顺序TTTTGGGG,并形成反折式二级结构保护端粒.由于端粒酶被认为与细胞的永生化、肿瘤的发生和细胞衰老密切相关,近年来在生物医学界颇受关注,正在成为分子生物学、基础医学和临床医学的又一新热点.笔者拟对端粒酶的理化性质、人端粒酶逆转录酶基因(hTERT)的分子生物学特性及应用前景等作一综述.     

甘肃省驴肿瘤的调查与分析

经对近２０ａ来甘肃省驴肿瘤发生情况调查，共检出１５４例，占大家畜肿瘤总例数的３０．９％（１５４／４９８）。所检出的肿瘤分属１３种不同类型，其中良性肿瘤１３０例（８种），恶性肿瘤２１例（４种），未定性肿瘤３例。在检出的全部肿瘤中，纤维瘤比例最高，占７０．１３％（１０８／１５４），其次为纤维肉瘤，占８．４４％（１３／１５４）。肿瘤发生的主要年龄段为５～１０岁龄，占肿瘤总例数的５６．４９％。肿瘤分布地域以武威地区最高，占５７．７９％，其次为陇南地区和兰州市     

好运如果过了头

国务院副总理吴仪3月7日在与江西代表团代表座谈时透露了自己的一段经历。“去年，我到湖南考察血吸虫病的情况。当我看望一名血吸虫病患者时。一群农民围在外面要找我反映情况，被当地的干部拦住，把他们拽开。我当时非常生气，就说“请干部出去，农民进来。”     

北京“天方夜谭”——京都夜话之一

写下这个题目,便想起一个并非虚构的奇闻。它发生在北京某个饭店里。初听这件奇闻时,我不相信它是真的。但是经过与饭店医生核实之后,才算确信它并非“天方夜谭”。某日,一位仪态端庄的小姐,走进饭店医务室看病。医生拿出体温计来让她试表前,先用手背抚摸了一下她的额头,凭她多年的医疗经验,这     

超级细菌什么抗生素都不怕

卫生部最近要求医疗机构及医务人员要向社会做出8项承诺，其中包括拒绝接受患者及其亲友馈赠的“红包”、物品；拒绝接受医疗设备、医疗器械、一次性卫材、药品、试剂等生产、销售企业或代理推销人员以各种名义、形式给予的回扣、提成和其他不正当利益；实行医务公开、价格和收费公示制度，尊重患者的选择权、知情权和监督权等。     

贫穷而又富有的人——农民工胡玉高进京献骨髓的故事

在301医院,我见到了胡玉高,他今年32岁,矮小,黑瘦,一双不大的眼睛炯炯有神,穿一件中国造血干细胞捐献者资料库管理中心印制的圆领汗衫,一顿早餐吃了5个鸡蛋。昨天他捐献了100毫升造血干细胞,输入了和他毫不相识的上海大学生陈博的体内,今天准备出院。为了证明自己的身体完好如初,他有意在记者面前挺胸脯,甩开双臂,像一个他想像中的大人物那样走着。在不少城里人眼里,农民就是愚钝的代名词,而胡玉高这次进京,着实让不少北京人感动了一回。他千里迢迢从云南赶来,义务为大学生陈博捐献造血干细胞(也就是人们常说的捐献骨髓)。很多人不知道,他来…     

小脑星形胶质细胞瘤伴发瘤性囊肿猝死1例

胶质细胞瘤（gliocytoma）在髓内肿瘤发病中占较高比率，大部份早期可出现颅内压增高及其占位症状，临床上可作出诊断，及时施行手术切除，预后良好但少数患者症状不明显，未引起怀疑，或并发症进展突然而发生突然死亡。现报告小脑星形胶质细胞瘤（astroCytoma）伴发瘤性囊肿救死一例，以供临床及法医学鉴定人员参考。1案例死者女性，30岁，农民。某日上午因“头昏、头痛、乏力”到某私人诊所诊治。输注氨基酸等能量合剂1500ml，并服中药后自行返家。15时，出现呕吐、出汗、头痛加重。门时左右再次返往该诊所就诊，体检：BPsl6．7kPa，HR…     

脑震荡大鼠脑组织MDA、SOD、TNF-α及IL-1β表达变化

目的观察脑震荡大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)表达的变化,探讨脑震荡后继发性脑损伤机制。方法建立大鼠脑震荡模型,Weil氏染色观察大鼠脑组织病理改变;光化学分析方法检测脑组织内MDA含量、SOD活性;免疫组化法检测大脑皮质和海马区TNF-α、IL-1β表达。结果 Weil氏染色显示神经髓鞘排列紊乱,弯曲肿胀,12 h后更加明显;脑震荡后大鼠脑组织MDA含量较对照组明显升高,而SOD活性较对照组明显降低;脑震荡后大鼠皮质及海马区细胞胞浆中TNF-α、IL-1β较对照组表达量明显上调。结论脑震荡大鼠脑组织存在氧化应激和炎性损伤,可能在脑震荡后继发性脑损伤中起重要作用。     

EVAR FOR ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IN ELDERLY PATIENTS,AND THE BIOETHICAL ISSUES THAT COULD GENERATE

Open repair is likely to be more cost-effective than EVAR on average in patients considered fit for open surgery. EVAR is likely to be more cost- effective than open repair for a subgroup of patients at higher risk of operative mortality. These results are based on extrapolation of mid-term results of clinical trials. But how does that affect on patients who are older than 80 years. Late survival depends very much on the patient＇s age at the time of surgery. The life expectancy in this group of patients who undergo successful Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm （AAA） open repair or EVAR is not as good as that of the age-matched general population. At this age, life expectancy is six years or more over patients who are older than 85 years, life expectancy is just five years. On the other hand, annual/one year risk of rupture in patients with AAA diameter six to seven cm is 10%-20%. At the same time, total cost of endograft implantation is at least 10,000 euro per patient, which is still extremely expensive for many countries in transition. Regarding all these facts, some countries （in transition） are forced to reassess ethical point of endovascular treatment. Simplified they haven＇t enough endografs for all patients. Vascular surgeon in this situation has need to decide how, when and who needs by priority this expensive graft. Of course, this is not medical question, but for sure question that encumbers vascular surgeons from countries in transition. Should we consider octogenarians as the first group of patient who will endure this problem？ How to decide who needs endograft as priority and who does not？ Finally, who is better candidate for endovascular, open surgical or medicament treatment from financial point of view？ These are just some of the questions, which are still open and encumber many vascular surgeons from countries with poorer healthcare system.