意大利政治中的贝卢斯科尼

意大利总理贝卢斯科尼从来不甘寂寞,从口无遮拦替纳粹墨索里尼开脱到拿坠机受伤的波兰总理开涮,从公然挖鼻孔并把鼻涕虫吃掉到不断冒出的性丑闻,贝卢斯科尼在不断挑战意大利人对政客劣习的忍耐程度的同时,也把这些难登大雅之堂的糗事经营成吸引公众眼球的噱头。据英国《每日邮报》7月10日报道,贝卢斯科尼又曝绯闻,他不但与裸体模特玛拉·卡尔法尼亚偷情,     

Retirement pensions and gender： The Spanish case from the European perspective

The European Union in its task of coordinating the different social protection systems recommends member countries to take steps to prevent economic imbalances caused by ageing populations. Spain and other European countries-such as Sweden, Italy or Germany, follow the trends marked by the European Union with regard to pensions. In recent years, these countries have carried out reforms to be entitled to benefits, increase the proportionality between contributions and benefits and introduce formulas similar to private funded systems. These reforms will lead to retirement pensions linked to contributions becoming an airtight system, thus excluding the most vulnerable workers from them. This work aims to show that this type of restrictive measures despite being formulated in a neutral way, fail to correct-and actually increase-the differences between women and men in employment, since women are more affected by unstable working conditions than men. Lower wages for women and higher incidences of their careers being interrupted to attend to family duties will make access for women to retirement pensions even harder. The shortfalls in the protection of retirement pensions contrast sharply with a common European employment policy which aims to raise the employment rate of women. Having examined the incidence of this type of reforms from a gender perspective, the final aim of the work will be to show whether the European directive against discrimination regarding Social Security, headed by Directive 79/7 and displayed in the European Court of Justice＇s case law, constitutes an adequate regulatory tool to neutralize those reforms which lead to indirect discrimination.     

Tibet under Unstoppable Development

Santiago Castillo, reporter from Agencia Efe, Spain, visited Tibet Autonomous Region on August 11-21,2005. He published a series of reports after returning to Spain. Following is one of his reports.     

Ibiza享乐主义者的殖民地

阳光出来了，海潮耸动四肢，音乐让你升天，你的夏天有了微醺的蔚蓝，醉的回忆。80年代开始，这个西班牙地中海的小岛就成了夜猫朝拜的庙宇，享乐主义者的殖民地，他们永远的麦加，气温上升，就回去、回去再回去。阳光，美女，海洋，性，毒品，没有终点的音乐。     

当前西班牙政党政治转型特征与发展态势

西班牙工人社会党和人民党交替执政是西班牙政党政治的基本特点。在经济危机、社会危机、政治丑闻、地区分离主义等多重因素的叠加影响下，西班牙社情民意发生深刻变化，政治力量分化重组，左翼民粹主义和极右翼政党相继兴起，左右翼主流政党主导的格局受到冲击。2023年大选后，西班牙政党格局碎片化有所缓解，但左右阵营极化和央地矛盾尖锐化仍然突出，组阁僵局再次出现。随着政治力量对比和执政合作方式不断演变，西班牙传统政党和新兴政党、全国性政党和地方性政党之间的博弈将更趋激烈复杂。     

共寻南通高质量发展新机遇,架起中欧开放合作新桥梁——江苏(南通)—西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利合作交流会侧记

2023年3月28日,由南通市人民政府和江苏省人民政府外事办公室共同主办的江苏(南通)一西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利合作交流会,在南通紫琅湖畔举行。南通市委书记吴新明,省外办主任孙轶,西班牙驻沪总领事卡尔沃,葡萄牙驻沪总领事夏思雅,中国意大利商会董事、江苏分会会长鲍文出席交流会并致辞。此次活动吸引了三国驻沪总领事馆商务官员、旅游局驻华代表、商协会负责人、重点企业代表来通参会,通过开幕式、经贸推介、文化体验等活动,展示南通投资环境,增进文化理解,推动各方互信合作。     

数字时代我国劳动者离线权保护的规则构建——以西班牙为例

随着信息通信技术在工作场所的普及，用人单位与劳动者在非工作时间的连接日益便捷，这使得劳动者休息时间受到侵蚀，对其职业安全与健康产生危害，远程工作的快速发展更是加剧了这一问题。西班牙先后通过《个人数据与数字权利保护法》《工人法》《远程工作法》引入劳动者的离线权，明确其主体与内容，并通过集体协议的方式加以落实，但仍存在实践效果不佳的问题。我国在引入劳动者离线权时，应当以休息权作为保障离线权的首要路径，在劳动立法中明确离线权的内容，并辅以离线权的保障与豁免机制，从而为数字时代下劳动者的休息权提供更为有力和合理的保障。