中泰现代外交关系的建立:以20世纪30年代后两国正式建交努力为中心的考察(1932-1946)

19世纪中叶中泰之间的朝贡体系瓦解,自此以后的近100年间,两国官方关系一直处于断绝的状态。20世纪30年代南京国民政府政局初定,便开始寻求与泰国建立正式的外交关系。但直到第二次世界大战后,1946年两国才签署正式的外交文件,恢复了中断多年的关系。本文以这一时期中泰两国围绕设领和建交等问题的交涉和努力为中心进行考察,揭示此过程背后变动的国际形势和国内因素对于两国关系的走向,不同时期双方政府的不同考量,以及华人问题如何与外交问题相缠绕,如何制约和影响两国的建交进程。     

制度如何治理:国家治理的机制问题思考

如果说国家治理就是通过制度进行治理,那么发现和探索制度治理的具体机制就成为理解国家治理逻辑的核心问题。通过将制度主义理论与个人主义方法论相结合,可以在理论层面为理解现代国家治理机制提供了一个一般性的分析框架。在这个框架中可以发现,具有宏观色彩的制度或政策,如何通过其内在所包含的多维要素,作用于微观层面的个人决策过程;个人又如何根据其所具有的反思性能力,对制度或政策做出不同的策略性反应,最终形成在宏观层面可以观察得到的治理结果。在这个过程中,三组基本类型的治理机制充分说明了制度治理的具体过程和方式。     

中国与巴布亚新几内亚警务合作的现状、挑战及对策

中国与巴布亚新几内亚的双边警务合作启动较晚,“一带一路”倡议为此提供了重要的历史机遇和条件。随着“一带一路”倡议、项目的落实,两国经贸合作、人员往来、文化交流等活动大幅增加,这使得警务合作的必要性、迫切性愈加凸显。当前,我国与巴新的警务合作主要体现在订立条约、人才培训和国际协作等三个方面。在合作中,双方也面临着资源力量结构性不足、大国干涉、缺乏健全稳定机制的挑战。通过增强双边政治互信、经济联系、文化交流,补足警务资源结构性缺陷,健全双边警务合作机制,推动双边乃至多边协议条约签署,可以为两国开展深层次、宽领域警务合作提供坚实支撑和必要保障。     

“党的领导”入法原则及其标准

推进党的领导制度化、法治化,是建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求,除党内法规具体规定“党的领导”外,“党的领导”无疑应写入相应的国家法律之中。“党的领导”无需入法论、全面入法论等观点均不能成立。基于党内法规与国家法律在调整范围上的功能分工,只有政治性较强的国家法律有必要抽象规定“党的领导原则”,且不宜涉及党的具体领导方式、领导权限、领导程序等内容,形塑出“党的领导”入法的抽象确认原则与政治判断标准。为了避免“党的领导”入法的“泛化”现象,应在政治判断标准内涵的指引下进一步构建“党的领导”入法的清单模式,厘清“党的领导”入法的正面清单与负面清单,确保“党的领导”入法的规范化和准确化。     

工会“两个普遍”方针对促进我国经济增长方式转变的重要影响

全总提出的“两个普遍”方针,其目标要求是,2011年至2013年,全国企业法人建会率达到90%以上,普遍实现企业法人建会;从2011年起用3年时间,到2013年底80%以上已建工会组织的企业建立工资集体协商制度,基本实现已建工会企业普遍开展工资集体协商.“两个普遍方针”深刻反映了工会工作面临的新形势,这一方针的贯彻实行,对于维护广大劳动者的合法权益、促进我国经济增长方式转变、实现经济发展的持续增长,都具有重大意义.     

济宁市污染防治实证研究

作为传统资源型城市,济宁市正处于经济发展转型与生态文明建设的关键时期。近年来,济宁市的生态环境质量持续改善,已经形成了独具特色的“济宁科学治污模式”,但成效并不稳固,距离人民群众对美好生活的向往还有较大差距,同时面临着既要还历史旧账又要控制新污染源产生的双重压力。新时期,济宁市应以习近平生态文明思想为指导,由点到面打好污染防治攻坚战,进一步提升生态环境质量,不断推进绿色生产生活方式,走出一条高质量的经济发展道路,助推城市转型发展。     

The Special Needs of Victims of Torture or Serious Violence: A Qualitative Research in EU

Abstract

In recent years ongoing wars and serious violations of human rights have driven increasing numbers of people away from their homes, especially in the Middle East and Africa to countries in the European Union to seek asylum. It is estimated that between 5% and 35% of these asylum-seekers and refugees have suffered from torture or serious violence. Studies and practice have shown that an appropriate response to the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence contribute to reduce survivors’ suffering and provide properly international protection. EU legislation recognizes that such vulnerable individuals have special needs, but few of these needs have already been identified and recognized as such. This article reports on a qualitative study carried out in six EU countries - France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta and Portugal - to explore the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence who present among asylum-seekers, during the asylum request procedure, in reception, and throughout rehabilitation and social integration. The study aims to release into the academic community the results of a large policy and practice-oriented study.     

Developmental validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit: an established multiplex assay with improved performance

Abstract: Analysis of length polymorphism at short tandem repeat (STR) loci utilizing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the primary method for genotyping forensic samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit is an improved version of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification Kit and amplifies the core CODIS loci: D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. Additional loci amplified in the multiplex reaction are the sex‐determinant, amelogenin, and two internationally accepted loci, D2S1338 and D19S433. While the primer sequences and dye configurations were unchanged, the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit features an enhanced buffer formulation and an optimized PCR cycling protocol that increases sensitivity, provides better tolerance to PCR inhibitors, and improves performance on mixture samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines. The validation results support the use of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit for human identity and parentage testing.     

Data processing by police and criminal justice authorities in Europe – The influence of the Commission's draft on the national police laws and laws of criminal procedure

The proposal for a fundamental reform of the European data protection law, published by the EU Commission on 25 January 2012 is composed of two elements. Apart from a General Data Protection Regulation, the Commission proposes a second regulatory instrument, namely a Directive with regard to data processing by police and criminal justice authorities that shall supersede the Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. This paper seeks to analyse the draft Directive in the context of the entire reform approach and scrutinizes a number of specific issues in regard to the scope, the requirements of data processing, notification duties and data transfer to third countries.     

Y-chromosome and autosomal STR diversity in four proximate settlements in Central Anatolia

Due to the longstanding human presence in the region and the influence of social traditions, the genetic make-up of populations currently inhabiting Turkey (Anatolia) is quite complex. To characterize the patterns of genetic diversity in rural Central Anatolian villages, we analyzed samples collected at four local settlements for variation at 17 Y-chromosome STR and 15 autosomal STR loci. The resulting data reveal considerable diversity within these settlements, as well as some structure in the paternal genetic variation, with a limited number of haplotypes being shared between the communities. These findings have important implications for forensic studies of Turkish populations.