His master’s voice: H.L.A. Hart and Lacanian discourse theory

H.L.A. Hart’s jurisprudence seems antithetical to Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalysis. Professor Schroeder argues that, in fact, Hart’s concept of law has surprising similarities to Lacan’s ‘discourse of the Master’. Both reject a command theory of law: subjects do not obey law out of fear. Moreover, both insist that the authority of law is completely independent from its content. Anyone seeking to develop a psychoanalytically sophisticated critical legal theory should reconsider Hart. As insightful as his concept of the symbolic is, Lacan has no expertise in legal systems and does not discuss positive law per se. Although he posited a theory of ethics in his Seventh Seminar and the seeds of a jurisprudence are implicit within his theory, he offers no account of legal right, justice or what Hart misleadingly calls ‘morality’. A Lacanian jurisprudence must, therefore, be supplemented by other sources. Moreover, legal positivists should not dismiss psychoanalysis. As insightful as Hart’s jurisprudence is, his theories of legal subjectivity and linguistics are simplistic and his concept of law too narrow. He describes only one aspect of legal experience: obedience to law. He ignores what most legal actors do: Hart’s concept of law excludes the practice of law. Although Lacan’s ‘master’s discourse’ surprisingly parallels Hart’s jurisprudence, Lacan does not restrict the symbolic to the master’s discourse. It requires three other ‘discourses’. Lacan, therefore, supplements Hart. Specifically, Lacan’s fourth discourse describes the excluded practice of law and provides the mechanism by which ‘morality’ can critique law.

老有所养:我国新型农村社会养老保险法律制度的构建

随着老龄化浪潮的汹涌而来、土地流转制度的改革、农村人口大量向城市流动、失地农民的养老保障等一系列问题因素的出现,传统的"社区养老"、"养儿防老"等模式在新的经济形式下已难以为继,如何实现我国农村老人的老有所养是一个严峻的社会问题,依法建立我国新型农村社会养老保险法律制度势在必行.     

信息文化与和谐社会构建探析

和谐的信息文化是构建和谐社会的重要基础工作。通过对信息文化特点、信息文化与现实社会的关系、信息文化对构建和谐社会的负面影响、和谐社会中构建和谐信息文化的对策的研究,深化人们对信息文化与和谐社会关系的认识,推动和谐社会的构建。     

The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines

The illicit market for new psychoactive substances is forever expanding. Benzodiazepines and their derivatives are one of a number of groups of these substances and thus far their number has grown year upon year. For both forensic and clinical purposes it is important to be able to rapidly understand these emerging substances. However as a consequence of the illicit nature of these compounds, there is a deficiency in the pharmacological data available for these ‘new’ benzodiazepines. In order to further understand the pharmacology of ‘new’ benzodiazepines we utilised a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach. A set of 69 benzodiazepine-based compounds was analysed to develop a QSAR training set with respect to published binding values to GABA_A receptors. The QSAR model returned an R² value of 0.90. The most influential factors were found to be the positioning of two H-bond acceptors, two aromatic rings and a hydrophobic group. A test set of nine random compounds was then selected for internal validation to determine the predictive ability of the model and gave an R² value of 0.86 when comparing the binding values with their experimental data. The QSAR model was then used to predict the binding for 22 benzodiazepines that are classed as new psychoactive substances. This model will allow rapid prediction of the binding activity of emerging benzodiazepines in a rapid and economic way, compared with lengthy and expensive in vitro/in vivo analysis. This will enable forensic chemists and toxicologists to better understand both recently developed compounds and prediction of substances likely to emerge in the future.     

The Rule of Law and the Rule of Empire: A.V. Dicey in Imperial Context

The idea of the rule of law, more ubiquitous globally today than ever before, owes a lasting debt to the work of Victorian legal theorist A. V. Dicey. But for all of Dicey's influence, little attention has been paid to the imperial entanglements of his thought, including on the rule of law. This article seeks to bring the imperial dimensions of Dicey's thinking about the rule of law into view. On Dicey's account, the rule of law represented a distinctive English civilisational achievement, one that furnished a liberal justification for British imperialism. And yet Dicey was forced to acknowledge that imperial rule at times required arbitrariness and formal inequality at odds with the rule of law. At a moment when the rule of law has once more come to license all sorts of transnational interventions by globally powerful political actors, Dicey's preoccupations and ambivalences are in many ways our own.     

妨害传染病防治罪的几个构成要件问题

妨害传染病防治罪的客体应当表述为"国家对传染病防治的管理制度";其客观要件"引起甲类传染病传播或者有传播严重危险"包括实害犯与危险犯两种形态;其主观要件应为过失,故意则不能构成。     

区县人大代表选举中的选民参与——对北京选民的追踪调查与比较分析

对北京选民进行长达10年的追踪调查说明,区县人大代表选举过程之中,选民在参与态度和行为模式上有以下一些基本特征:(1)选民参与总体上处于比较积极的水平;(2)选民的参与程度和参与方式都比较有限;(3)近10年来选民的参与态度和行为模式均处于快速变迁过程之中;(4)态度和行为的变迁具有非均衡性。这些特征从一个侧面反映了社会转型期中国政治文化变迁的一些基本逻辑     

新藤黄酸诱导卵巢癌A2780细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的 研究新藤黄酸对卵巢癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能的机制。方法 采用MTT检测新藤黄酸对卵巢癌A2780细胞存活率的影响,采用fluo-3AM染色荧光显微镜观察新藤黄酸对A2780细胞钙离子水平的影响,采用Hoechst 33342染色荧光显微镜观察细胞的凋亡率,采用PI染色流式细胞仪检测新藤黄酸对细胞周期的影响,采用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色流式细胞仪检测新藤黄酸对细胞凋亡率的影响,采用Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果 MTT检测结果表明,新藤黄酸对卵巢癌细胞A2780的增殖具有抑制作用,且抑制作用具有明显的剂量依赖性;fluo-3AM染色荧光显微镜下观察,可见各浓度新藤黄酸均能升高A2780细胞内钙离子水平,且呈现浓度依赖关系;PI染色流式细胞仪检测结果表明,新藤黄酸能阻滞A2780细胞于G0/G1期;Hoechst 33342染色和Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色流式细胞仪检测结果表明,随着新藤黄酸浓度的增加,A2780细胞凋亡率呈现增高的趋势;Western blot检测结果表明,新藤黄酸可以促进凋亡相关蛋白p53、细胞色素C以及Caspase-9表达水平升高。结论 新藤黄酸具有抑制卵巢癌A2780细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞发生线粒体凋亡的作用。     

认识美国的反华势力--蓝队

中美关系的好坏对中美两国和全世界都有重大影响,中美关系的波折,除了一些客现因素外,美国的反华势力特别是所谓蓝队的兴风作浪起了较大作用。要推动对中美人民和世界人民都有利的中美关系的良性发展,世人应该认清蓝队的面目和用心,并与之进行有策略的斗争。     

试论《红楼梦》对《西厢记》《牡丹亭》女性意识的继承和发展

中国古代的许多小说、戏曲不同程度地体现出了以尊重女性、追求女性独立和婚恋自由为主要内容的女性意识.<红楼梦>作为中国古典文学的一座丰碑,不仅很好地承续了<西厢记><牡丹亭>所体现的较先进的女性意识,而且达到了中国古代文学女性意识表现的最高峰.这三部作品所体现的女性意识,主要是通过女主人公的形象塑造完成的.崔莺莺重爱情轻功名,体现了女性意识的初步觉醒;杜丽娘为情而死、为情复生,体现了女性意识的进一步张扬.林黛玉蔑视功名利禄,要求独立自由,看似柔弱,实则坚韧,其女性意识是对崔莺莺、杜丽娘的继承和超越.