刑事辩护准入制度探析

刑事辩护制度的改革已经成为我国刑事司法改革的当务之急。建立我国的刑事辩护准人制度·不仅是稳定辩护律师队伍、提高刑事辩护质量、全面实现刑事辩护社会价值的需要;还是实现司法公正,适应现代社会专业化发展的需要。刑事辩护制度的建立应该从死刑案件开始,分步骤、分阶段地设立刑事辩护的准入门槛,同时设置相应的监督、惩戒以及退出机制,为刑事辩护准人制度的实施营造良好的制度环境。     

CIT in context: the impact of mental health resource availability and district saturation on call dispositions

The goals of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs include improving safety during encounters between police and persons with mental illnesses, diverting persons with mental illnesses away from the criminal justice system, and increasing referral and access to mental health services. CIT is a systemic intervention, and as such, its implementation and effectiveness are influenced by existing practices and infrastructures. However, little research has considered the context in which CIT programs are implemented. In this paper, we present research on CIT in four Chicago police districts that vary in terms of two contextual factors hypothesized to influence the impact of CIT training on how calls involving persons with mental illnesses are resolved. Using data from 112 patrol officers in four Chicago police districts, we consider the impact of mental health services availability and CIT saturation (the percentage of district personnel that are CIT certified). Findings indicate that CIT training increased direction to mental health services primarily in districts with greater availability of mental health services. In districts with low service availability, higher CIT saturation increased direction to mental services. The opposite pattern emerged for contact only or informal call resolution. No effects were found for arrest as a call outcome.     

入世议定书第15条对中美贸易影响研究

入世议定书第15条明确了中国作为非市场经济国家的最长年限为15年。目前,美国仍然制定国内法来确定市场经济国家的标准,导致中国企业在反倾销案中处于不利地位。应当在理解其签订的背景下正确对待,美国近期承认中国为市场经济国家的可能性较小,因而要据法力争以减弱因非市场经济地位引发的贸易摩擦和不利影响。     

试析开放存取期刊对高校图书馆信息资源建设的作用

开放存取期刊作为一种全新的学术交流模式,已引起图书馆界的普遍关注。它不仅丰富了馆藏,而且有效缓解了图书馆期刊采购经费过高的压力,并实现了信息资源的共建共享。高校图书馆应通过完善馆藏体系,转变信息服务等方式,充分挖掘这一新资源,使其成为图书馆信息资源建设的有益补充。     

Electronic health record: Wiring Europe’s healthcare

The European Commission wants to boost the digital economy by enabling all Europeans to have access to online medical records anywhere in Europe by 2020. With the newly enacted Directive 2011/24/EU on patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare due for implementation by 2013, it is inevitable that a centralised European health record system will become a reality even before 2020. However, the concept of a centralised supranational central server raises concern about storing electronic medical records in a central location. The privacy threat posed by a supranational network is a key concern. Cross-border and Interoperable electronic health record systems make confidential data more easily and rapidly accessible to a wider audience and increase the risk that personal data concerning health could be accidentally exposed or easily distributed to unauthorised parties by enabling greater access to a compilation of the personal data concerning health, from different sources, and throughout a lifetime.     

Banks and the Communities They Serve: Time to Legislate?

In March 2007 HM Treasury published its latest thoughts on Financial Inclusion (HM Treasury Financial inclusion: The way forward, 2007), highlighting that after 10 years of activity in this area there is still growing evidence that the market is not meeting everyone’s needs, with significant numbers of people not able to access basic financial services such as credit. This continues alongside media stories of further bank branch closures in some areas, branches for high income earners only in others and the continuing controversy surrounding charges. This article will, with reference to the UK government’s financial inclusion agenda assess whether the time has come to implement legislation mandating that UK credit institutions have regard to customers needs when making decisions that could affect those most at risk from restricted access to financial services. These needs can include both access to affordable credit and access to financial services, such as bank accounts. The paper will use as a comparator the much talked about United States Community Reinvestment Act, enacted in 1977 and since amended, hailed (Barr New York University Law Review 80:513, 2005) and criticised (Macey and Miller Virginia Law Review 78:291, 1993) in equal measures, designed to ensure that depository institutions meet the credit needs of the communities they serve, particularly low and moderate income areas. Although not designed to tackle the perceived problems identified by the UK government, would enactment of similar legislation do more to achieve these aims that the activities undertaken so far. The article proposes that one way in which to improve the fight against financial exclusion is to improve the disclosure requirements of financial institutions, forcing them, where necessary, to provide data on lending patterns in disadvantaged areas.

药品专利权的功能异化与修正

高投入、高风险的制药业需要依赖药品专利权激励药品创新并促进药品获得。然而,TRIPs协定下高水平的药品专利保护体系使得药品专利权发生了一系列功能异化,具体表现为减缓药品创新速度、药品获得困难以及国际社会的财富分配不公。因此,有必要反思并重构现有的药品专利国际保护制度,借鉴并创新国际社会诸如公私合作伙伴关系模式与药物研发财税金融支持机制等已有的经验与实践,从而更好地兼顾药品创新与药品持续获得。     

RBAC模型与预防网络犯罪

基于角色的访问控制模型(RBAC)是防止非授权访问、预防网络犯罪、保障网络安全的一种重要方法。约束是RBAC中的一组强制性规则,目前对约束的研究主要集中在关系约束、前提约束、数值约束、职责分离约束、势约束和时间约束等方面。对约束规则的研究和在网络系统中应用是从管理层面上预防网络犯罪的有效方法之一。     

参建海上丝绸路 打造海陆新门户——广西北部湾经济区参与共建21世纪海上丝绸之路探讨

本文分析广西北部湾经济区参与共建21世纪海上丝绸之路的优势及基础,提出广西北部湾经济区参与共建21世纪海上丝绸之路、加快与东盟合作发展的建议。