偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因-855G/C与-1140G/A位点的遗传多态性

目的探讨GRIN1基因启动子区两个单核苷酸多态性位点-855 G/C、-1140 G/A遗传多态性与偏执型精神分裂症的相关性及法医学意义。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结合PAGE法对中国北方汉族183例健康无关个体和172例偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因5′端的-855 G/C和-1140 G/A位点多态性进行检测,采用χ2检验人群中基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,并比较两组人群中基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异。结果两组群体基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。-855 G/C位点基因型分布在对照组女性和实验组女性间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),-1140 G/A位点基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和实验组间及两组女性间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GRIN1基因启动子区-1140 G/A位点单核苷酸多态性可能与精神分裂症存在相关性;精神分裂症发生的遗传学因素可能存在性别倾向,可为精神分裂症的司法鉴定提供参考。     

Heroin addictions in Italians: Evaluation of OPRM1 genetic variants by case–control association study

The opportunities to analyse the genetic variations related to the risk of addiction are of interest to forensics, who beside their involvement in drugs-related fatalities may also be required to assess driving and working ability as well as permanent invalidity due to drugs-related conditions. Several genetic variants have been shown to be associated with heroin addiction. The most investigated gene is OPMR1 that encode the μ-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of genetics variants in OPRM1 to the susceptibility to addiction.     

Developmental validation of 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers

The use of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been greatly increasing in the forensic setting. Using guidelines set forth previously for the validation of autosomal and Y STRs, aspects of the feasibility of routine X chromosomal STR use were evaluated. Two mini-X chromosomal STR multiplexes capable of amplifying 15 total markers were developed and utilized to determine allele nomenclature, allele/genotype frequencies, mutation rates, and linkage between markers. Additionally, a concordance study between these multiplexes and a commercially available kit was performed. Here, the authors present an overview of this extensive developmental validation study.     

“印太战略”:以美印日澳的战略逻辑、利益与策略选择为分析视角

"印太战略"是美国均势+有限遏制+规制+话语诋毁的混合型战略。它意在前沿、中间地带与后方的三层构建不对称的对华遏制性力量,突破中美双边、单区域战略竞争的狭窄战略空间;在多地域与多维度孤立中国,拉拢更多国家在产业价值链、数字经济等层面与中国切割;制订基础建设投资透明化的新标准,嵌入有利于美国利益的规制;通过国际法、舆论等软性手段抹黑中国的"一带一路"与海权发展。虽然共同逻辑都是制衡中国崛起,但日澳印在策略上强调非对抗性。其中避免成为中国优先反制是日本重要的策略目标;印度在拉达克边界冲突后尚没有形成一个完全倒向美国的战略,因为这必定使其背上沉重的战略包袱,成为美国的附庸;澳大利亚作为地缘政治影响有限的中等国家,在美国反华行动中冲在最前列已使其利益严重受损。而"印太战略"与东盟所推动的包容性、合作安全理念也有着本质的区别,东盟要在"印太地区"发挥中心领导作用,定位"印太"为对话与合作区域。所以由于东盟的抵制、印日澳的消极政策,这个战略形成的攻势将很难保持可持续性,其长期前景并不看好。     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后Homer1蛋白表达的研究

目的:观察大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)后Homer1蛋白的表达规律。方法:将45只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及DAI组,后者按DAI后处死大鼠的时间不同分为30min、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h、72h、7d组。建立大鼠DAI动物模型,运用免疫组织化学技术及图像分析方法观察脑组织Homer1蛋白的表达。结果:损伤后30min,Homer1蛋白染色阳性细胞数增多,染色增强(P<0.05),随着损伤时间的延长,阳性细胞数及阳性表达范围逐渐扩大,于伤后24h达到高峰(P<0.01),随后逐渐下降。对照组可见少量Homer1蛋白表达。结论:Homer1蛋白是大鼠DAI后的灵敏指标,在不同时间段表达具有时序性变化规律,对于早期诊断DAI及损伤时间的推断具有一定的参考价值。     

Concordance Between the AmpFℓSTR® MiniFiler™ and AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® PCR Amplification Kits in the Kuwaiti Population

Abstract:  The AmpFℓSTR^® MiniFiler™ polymerase chain reaction amplification kit, developed and supplied by Applied Biosystems, complements the AmpFℓSTR^® Identifiler^® polymerase chain reaction amplification kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, U.K.) by improving the success rate when profiling DNA that is degraded or contains inhibitors. Before applying the MiniFiler™ kit to casework, the profiles from 200 unrelated Kuwaitis were compared to Identifiler^® profiles. Concordance was observed for 99.875% (1598 of 1600) of the compared STR loci. The two discordant profiles displayed allelic dropout: one at the D13S317 locus due to nonamplification of allele 10 in the MiniFiler™ profile, and one at the D18S51 locus due to nonamplification of allele 18 in the Identifiler^® profile.     

Validation of the AMPFℓSTR® MiniFilerTM PCR Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework*

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler^TM PCR Amplification Kit is designed to genotype degraded and/or inhibited DNA samples when the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^TM PCR Amplification Kit is incapable of generating a complete genetic profile. Validation experiments, following the SWGDAM guidelines, were designed to evaluate the performance of MiniFiler. Data obtained demonstrated that MiniFiler, when used in conjunction with Identifiler, provided an increased ability to obtain genetic profiles from challenged samples. The optimum template range was found to be between 0.2 and 0.6 ng, with 0.3 ng yielding the best results. Full concordance was achieved between the MiniFiler kit and Identifiler kit except in a single case of a null allele at locus D21S11. Numerous instances of severe heterozygous peak imbalance (<50%) were observed in single source samples amplified within the optimum range of input DNA suggesting that caution be taken when attempting to deduce component genotypes in a mixture.     

Determining an Optimal Sequence for Chemical Development of Latent Prints on Cartridge Casings and Shotgun Shells*,†

Abstract: In developing latent prints on cartridge casings and shotgun shells, multiple chemical processes should be used in order to obtain the best results. In Phase I, this study established an optimal chemical sequence for both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings based on six sequences involving four chemicals: Cyanoacrylate, Black Powder, Rhodamine 6G and Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide. Phase II was a validation study of Phase I involving a random sample of both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings, which were processed according to the determined optimal sequences. In addition, ribbed shotgun shells were processed under Phase I results and determined to be dependent upon the utilization of a CrimeScope at 515 nm. Consideration should be given to the type of cartridge case being examined. Although limitations exist, some chemical sequences undeniably work better than others. All photographs were manipulated with Adobe^® Photoshop^®. All results were verified by a senior latent print examiner.