民刑法中的“一般人”观念及其判断基准

民刑法的制度设计均建立在一定的人性假设之上。尽管在此问题上既有共同点也有差异,但核心之点在于,都是以"一般人"为基准进行的。因此,"一般人"之界定在民刑法中居于隐而不彰的基础地位。"一般人"标准是民刑法中人性假设理论亟待打通的"最后一公里",其本质是一般人应有的"知识与态度",也是一种方法论。该标准具有鲜明的价值取向和公共政策属性,应当根据法律责任的不同性质,确定民刑法中"一般人"的判断标准,尤其应当区分刑罚适用者、犯罪嫌疑人及被侵害者的不同视角,对刑法中的"一般人"标准进行具体判断。     

努力推进当代中国马克思主义大众化

马克思主义在中国的发展必须实现大众化。当代中国马克思主义大众化就是由抽象到具体、由深奥到通俗、由被少数人理解和掌握到被广大群众理解和认同的过程。马克思主义大众化就是使马克思主义基本原理被人民群众接受和掌握的过程。     

Rising powers at the UN: an analysis of the voting behaviour of brics in the General Assembly

This article examines the long-term trends of foreign policy convergence of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (brics) to determine the similarity of their positions on world issues, as they seek to ‘insert’ themselves more fully into global decision making. The analysis is based upon their votes in the UN General Assembly. The article compiles two indexes of voting for the period 1974–2011. Both demonstrate a high and now growing degree of cohesion among brics. Their voting is broken down by pairs to show common themes and the major issue divergences, and how often individual states voted with others. Nuclear disarmament and human rights are the two areas that reveal persisting divergences between these states.     

THE MAKING OF NEW CHINESE BUREAUCRATS: THE CUSTOMS COLLEGE AND THE CHINESE CUSTOMS STAFF, 1908–1949

Abstract

This article examines how new Chinese bureaucrats were made at the Customs College to retrieve the Chinese Maritime Customs Service from the foreign staff in the Service. The policies of training new bureaucrats vacillated between three courses: generalist education, specialist training, and cadre cultivation. China’s assertion of control over the Service set the scene for four decades of political struggle between the Inspectorate of Customs, Chinese governments, and the Nationalist Party.

The article’s first section explores how China’s drive to self-modernization generated the needs for new bureaucrats, led to the College’s initiation, and shaped its educational program and policies. The second section examines how the Nationalist Party politicized the College’s education and discusses interrelations between the war decade from 1937–1949 and the decline of the College’s status. Finally, it concludes by discussing the continuity of the College in Mainland China and Taiwan after 1949.     

Coalition Politics in India: 2004–2009

Abstract

It is posited here that the coalition imperative of holding the alliances together just to keep in office leads to behavior that is not altogether ethically acceptable. This is not to say that all coalitions are bad by definition; they are not. The issue is: how many partners and what the minimum understanding among them are ideal to run the government? It is suggested that a large and unprincipled coalition on the one hand would debilitate a government, and on the other lead to political corruption and even blackmail. Contrarily, a smaller number of parties with some affinity in ideology and a common purpose would be beneficial for a stable democracy. To glean some insights, the United Progressive Alliance coalitions cobbled together by the Congress Party Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004, and consequent to the 2009 elections, are studied here.     

The nationalisation of electoral politics: A conceptual reconstruction and review of the literature

This article revisits the theory of the nationalisation of electoral politics from both a conceptual and a methodological perspective. Presenting and evaluating this theory through a critical analysis of the major works, the article focuses on the analytical utility and the theoretical interest of such a re‐examination, and provides a new conceptual and operational definition of this political phenomenon. The concept of nationalisation is discussed in regard to three electoral dimensions: homogeneity of support; uniform swing; and responses to national factors. Combining these three dimensions, the article provides a typology of the different forms of nationalisation, explores the possibilities of its analytical application, and tries to establish the extent to which the operational definition of nationalisation corresponds to the conceptual and theoretical definition.     

Innovations in Constructing the Framework of China's Environmental Code —Referencing the Framework of China's Civil Code

The success in compiling China's Civil Code benefits from factors such as China's complete system of civil law statutes, the methodology of the Pandekten System, and the private-law attributes of civil laws, etc. To construct the framework of China's environmental code, it is necessary to reference that success for theoretical and structural innovations. In addition, the fundamental features and inherent issues of China's existing environmental law system, such as its breadth, the extensiveness of origins of environmental law, the multiple implication of environmental legal relations, and the compound nature of the environmental legal liability system, should be taken into account. The layout structure of General—Specifics should be adopted for compiling China's environmental code, while moderate codification and extraction of the common factor (vor die Klammer zu ziehen) for connection with applicable rules of specific laws should serve as construction principles and methods for compiling the framework of China's environmental code. The environmental code should have five parts: General ; Pollution Prevention and Control ; Nature Conservation ; Green and Low-Carbon Development ; and Ecological and Environmental Responsibility.     

高速增长的世界经济：竞合格局的变化

2006年世界经济处于高速增长期,增长率高于历史平均水平。美国、日本和欧盟作为世界经济增长的三大支柱体,总体增长情况良好,继续主导着世界经济的发展趋向;中国、印度、俄罗斯以及巴西(BR IC,金砖四国)等新兴经济体正在成为世界经济增长的重要推进力量。在世界经济高速增长的情况下,世界产业结构发生了巨大变化,竞合格局有了新的特点。2007年世界经济发展将有一定程度的放缓,但总体上依然是"谨慎的乐观"。     

新闻通识教育的意义及发展战略研究

我国新闻高等教育在近年得到迅猛发展，然而，过于专业化的人才培养模式造成学生基础不扎实、缺乏发展潜力，难以达到新媒体时代的新要求。本文秉承大学通识教育的理念，在分析专才教育所存在的问题的基础上阐述了通识教育的必要性，并重点结合高校新闻通识教育的特色与功效，就高校新闻通识教育的定位，课程体系建设，学生培养模式等问题提出自己的思考和建议。