丹皮多糖一般药理学研究

目的: 观察丹皮多糖(PSM)主要药效学以外的药理作用, 为临床用药提供参考。方法:观察用药前后大鼠、小鼠自主活动行为能力,家猫呼吸频率、呼吸深度和狗血压、心率的变化情况。结果: 用药后大鼠、小鼠自主活动行为能力,家猫呼吸频率、呼吸深度及狗血压、心率均无明显变化。用药前后比较, 差异无显著性(P>0. 05)。结论: 在药效剂量下PSM对大鼠、小鼠的神经系统,家猫呼吸系统及狗的心血管系统系统均无明显影响。     

Public Sector Collaboration: Are We Doing It Well and Could We Do It Better?

Improving collaboration by public sector agencies is an important element of many public sector reforms. Common approaches include introducing responsibilities under legislation and policy decisions, the provision of information and guidance, and strengthening third‐party oversight. To identify how collaboration is being practised, this paper reviews evidence from over one hundred reports by Auditors‐General and Ombudsmen in Australia and New Zealand to identify key attributes of collaboration, and assesses these further by examining three reports in detail. It concludes that problems that have been known for many years continue to constrain public sector effectiveness. Although continuing existing approaches may assist in improving collaboration, the paper argues that there is a need to adopt more systematic approaches to organisational capacity for collaboration. It further identifies that changes in the external environment such as technology‐based innovation may demand rapid progress and change in relation to collaboration.     

Consensus Decisions and Similarity Measures in International Organizations

Voting behavior in international organizations, most notably in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), is often used to infer the similarity of foreign policy preferences of member states. Most of these measures ignore, however, that particular covoting patterns may appear simply by chance (Häge 2011) and that these patterns of agreement (or the absence thereof) are only observable if decisions are reached through roll-call votes. As the relative frequency of roll-call votes changes considerably over time in most international organizations, currently used similarity and affinity measures offer a misleading picture. Based on a complete data set of UNGA resolution decisions, we demonstrate how taking different forms of chance agreement and the relative prevalence of consensus decisions into account affects conclusions about the effect of the similarity of member states’ foreign policy positions on foreign aid allocation.     

拓展历史编纂学研究之方法论思考

中国历史编纂学是正在建设的一门学科。拓展这一领域的研究,关键所在是不能将之视为单纯的技术问题,而亟须加强对其哲理层面的思考,深入发掘史学名著的成就,认真总结中国历史编纂学的优良传统和人文精神。当前尤应深入探索以下四项有效的研究途径:第一,贯彻发展观点,将创始时期的特征与以后的纵向发展联系起来考察;第二,确立整体观念,深入总结史学名著所蕴涵的深邃哲理与高度审美价值;第三,贯彻“历史主义”的观点和方法,克服偏颇之见;第四,运用比较研究方法,阐释传统史学精华在历史变局面前所具有的应变力。     

The GATT‐WTO system: Environmental friend or Foe?

Abstract

The GATT‐WTO system has been attacked for being at best indifferent to the environment and at worst hostile to it. However, rather than being an environmental foe, the GATT‐WTO system is environmentally‐friendly in many respects. Several World Trade Organization agreements — the Agreement on Agriculture, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures — not only permit but encourage WTO member‐countries to implement national programs and laws to protect the environment free from WTO interference. Multilateral initiatives through organizations such as the WTO, as opposed to unilateral bullying, are the surest way of securing robust legal protections for the environment.     

民法总则的使命及其应规范之内涵——以中国民法总则草案为探讨中心

所有现代欧陆民法法典,不论是法国民法典、德国民法典,抑或是继承两民法典之法典以及参考两民法典之法典,均设有民法总则之规定。中国最近有制定民法总则的计划,并已提出建议稿,但此前已经有了9个单行之民法法律规范,构建了松散型的民法典体例,而民法总则属于一体型民法典之构成部分,这就需要对以往民法法律规范重新整合。结合中国民法总则草案建议稿,对民法总则应加以规范之内容,以及法律原则、权利能力和行为能力、法人、民事客体、法律事实、民事责任等具体规范加以分析探讨,以期为制定科学合理的民法总则提供参考。     

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and the roots of the ‘right to be forgotten’

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation has caused a wide debate between lawyers and legal scholars and many opinions have been voiced on the issue of the right to be forgotten. In order to analyse the relevance of the new rule provided by Article 17 of the Proposal, this paper considers the original idea of the right to be forgotten, pre-existing in both European and U.S. legal frameworks. This article focuses on the new provisions of Article 17 of the EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and evaluates its effects on court decisions. The author assumes that the new provisions do not seem to represent a revolutionary change to the existing rules with regard to the right granted to the individual, but instead have an impact on the extension of the protection of the information disseminated on-line.     

民法编纂背景下侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益：信息自决权——以刑民一体化及《民法总则》第111条为视角

为避免法益概念的抽象化并充分发挥法益限制处罚的机能，在已确定侵犯公民个人信息罪保护法益为个人信息权的前提下还应将之具体化。在民法编纂背景下，基于刑民一体化视角与法秩序统一性原理，并结合《民法总则》第111条的规定，侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益是个人信息权中的信息自决权。分析欧美两大模式个人信息保护的理论源头，个人信息的使用体现出信息主体的意志力，具有赋权效果，以信息自决权作为该罪法益可突出个人信息权在理论源头上与人的尊严和自由密切相关性。基于民法要扩张刑法要谦抑的理念，侵犯公民个人信息罪所保护的也不是等同于民事权利的个人信息权，而是其中最重要的权利即个人信息自决权；以信息自决权作为侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益，正是对刑法一般性的自我决定权的丰富和发展，并能充分发挥刑法保护公民自由等个人法益之机能。信息自决权司法实践中具有甄别值得处罚的侵犯公民个人信息行为的机能。     

The price of non-compliance with the Kyoto Protocol: The remarkable case of Norway

One of the ways to induce compliance is for an international enforcement mechanism to authorize the use of punitive consequences against a non-compliant country. However, such consequences should not cause significant damage to other (compliant) countries. The compliance mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol fails to meet this requirement. The Enforcement Branch of the Compliance Committee is instructed to impose punitive consequences on a non-compliant country that will have considerable adverse welfare effects for compliant countries as well. Using a numerical model, we show that in the case of Norway, the welfare effects can actually be worse if another country is punished than if Norway itself is punished.

“商法通则”三大基本制度研究

目前,法学界对于"商法通则"的制定问题已经展开了讨论,但是,其中大部分的研究还只是停留在诸如是否要制定"商法通则",以及:"商法通则"的基本框架结构的层面上,而较少涉及"商法通则"所应规范的基本制度的研究.在"商法通则"所应规范的基本制度方面谈一些自己的意见,仅供立法者和研究者参考.