评罗莎·卢森堡对苏维埃政权的批评

罗莎·卢森堡高度肯定十月革命,但对新生的苏维埃政权提出了以下六方面的批评:批评苏维埃政权把土地分给农民,从而为以后的社会主义改造设置了障碍;批评苏维埃政权片面地实行民族自决权,从而把刀子送到了敌人的手里;批评苏维埃政权解散立宪会议,从而堵塞了人民群众的积极的政治生活;批评苏维埃政权推行空想的普选权,从而使之成了一种缺乏生命力的临时凑合的"一纸空文";批评苏维埃政权取消出版自由、结社和集会的权利,从而引起公共生活的野蛮化;批评苏维埃政权把民主与专政对立起来,从而远离了社会主义.尽管罗莎·卢森堡差不多是在90多年前提出这些警示性见解的,但是所有这些见解,人们至今读起来还是感到如此具有现实感,并得到深刻的启示.     

论共同侵权行为的本质

共同侵权行为是民事侵权领域一种常见的行为,对其本质的认定在国内学者间众说纷纭,见仁见智,而对其本质的认定又将最终影响到共同侵权行为的构成(或认定)以及侵权责任的划分等重要问题。因此,对其本质问题的分析殊为重要。本文拟从对比分析入手,先对国内诸多观点进行评析,进而提出共同侵权行为的本质是各个侵权行为中的某种共性,而这种共性既包括在共同行为之中,也包括在共同结果之中。     

一般院校法学专业本科课程教学方法使用之我见

一般院校法学专业本科的培养目标是 :培养为地方法制建设服务的应用型法律通才 ,要实现这一目标 ,在课程教学方面应采用适宜的教学方法 ,本文对这些方法的各自特点及长处进行了评价 ,为选择适用这些方法提供参考依据     

丹皮多糖一般药理学研究

目的: 观察丹皮多糖(PSM)主要药效学以外的药理作用, 为临床用药提供参考。方法:观察用药前后大鼠、小鼠自主活动行为能力,家猫呼吸频率、呼吸深度和狗血压、心率的变化情况。结果: 用药后大鼠、小鼠自主活动行为能力,家猫呼吸频率、呼吸深度及狗血压、心率均无明显变化。用药前后比较, 差异无显著性(P>0. 05)。结论: 在药效剂量下PSM对大鼠、小鼠的神经系统,家猫呼吸系统及狗的心血管系统系统均无明显影响。     

Public Sector Collaboration: Are We Doing It Well and Could We Do It Better?

Improving collaboration by public sector agencies is an important element of many public sector reforms. Common approaches include introducing responsibilities under legislation and policy decisions, the provision of information and guidance, and strengthening third‐party oversight. To identify how collaboration is being practised, this paper reviews evidence from over one hundred reports by Auditors‐General and Ombudsmen in Australia and New Zealand to identify key attributes of collaboration, and assesses these further by examining three reports in detail. It concludes that problems that have been known for many years continue to constrain public sector effectiveness. Although continuing existing approaches may assist in improving collaboration, the paper argues that there is a need to adopt more systematic approaches to organisational capacity for collaboration. It further identifies that changes in the external environment such as technology‐based innovation may demand rapid progress and change in relation to collaboration.     

Consensus Decisions and Similarity Measures in International Organizations

Voting behavior in international organizations, most notably in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), is often used to infer the similarity of foreign policy preferences of member states. Most of these measures ignore, however, that particular covoting patterns may appear simply by chance (Häge 2011) and that these patterns of agreement (or the absence thereof) are only observable if decisions are reached through roll-call votes. As the relative frequency of roll-call votes changes considerably over time in most international organizations, currently used similarity and affinity measures offer a misleading picture. Based on a complete data set of UNGA resolution decisions, we demonstrate how taking different forms of chance agreement and the relative prevalence of consensus decisions into account affects conclusions about the effect of the similarity of member states’ foreign policy positions on foreign aid allocation.     

拓展历史编纂学研究之方法论思考

中国历史编纂学是正在建设的一门学科。拓展这一领域的研究,关键所在是不能将之视为单纯的技术问题,而亟须加强对其哲理层面的思考,深入发掘史学名著的成就,认真总结中国历史编纂学的优良传统和人文精神。当前尤应深入探索以下四项有效的研究途径:第一,贯彻发展观点,将创始时期的特征与以后的纵向发展联系起来考察;第二,确立整体观念,深入总结史学名著所蕴涵的深邃哲理与高度审美价值;第三,贯彻“历史主义”的观点和方法,克服偏颇之见;第四,运用比较研究方法,阐释传统史学精华在历史变局面前所具有的应变力。     

The GATT‐WTO system: Environmental friend or Foe?

Abstract

The GATT‐WTO system has been attacked for being at best indifferent to the environment and at worst hostile to it. However, rather than being an environmental foe, the GATT‐WTO system is environmentally‐friendly in many respects. Several World Trade Organization agreements — the Agreement on Agriculture, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures — not only permit but encourage WTO member‐countries to implement national programs and laws to protect the environment free from WTO interference. Multilateral initiatives through organizations such as the WTO, as opposed to unilateral bullying, are the surest way of securing robust legal protections for the environment.     

民法总则的使命及其应规范之内涵——以中国民法总则草案为探讨中心

所有现代欧陆民法法典,不论是法国民法典、德国民法典,抑或是继承两民法典之法典以及参考两民法典之法典,均设有民法总则之规定。中国最近有制定民法总则的计划,并已提出建议稿,但此前已经有了9个单行之民法法律规范,构建了松散型的民法典体例,而民法总则属于一体型民法典之构成部分,这就需要对以往民法法律规范重新整合。结合中国民法总则草案建议稿,对民法总则应加以规范之内容,以及法律原则、权利能力和行为能力、法人、民事客体、法律事实、民事责任等具体规范加以分析探讨,以期为制定科学合理的民法总则提供参考。     

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and the roots of the ‘right to be forgotten’

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation has caused a wide debate between lawyers and legal scholars and many opinions have been voiced on the issue of the right to be forgotten. In order to analyse the relevance of the new rule provided by Article 17 of the Proposal, this paper considers the original idea of the right to be forgotten, pre-existing in both European and U.S. legal frameworks. This article focuses on the new provisions of Article 17 of the EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and evaluates its effects on court decisions. The author assumes that the new provisions do not seem to represent a revolutionary change to the existing rules with regard to the right granted to the individual, but instead have an impact on the extension of the protection of the information disseminated on-line.