论我国地方政府问责制之建构：问题与对策

我国地方政府问责制之建构和运行正在推进,亟待深化研究加大其力度.审视其现实情境可以看到,在"谁来问责"、"如何问责"、"如何定责"与"何以为制"等问题上认识、规制和运作层面还存在诸多问题.这些制约因素对地方政府问责制的完善和运行效度的实现极为不利.因此,提出促进建构与完善我国地方政府问责制,以优化问责资源配置的基本构想与路径选择.     

Advancing measures of innovation in the United States

This paper introduces major themes addressed in this special issue, which is based on NSF's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) workshop Advancing Measures of Innovation—Knowledge Flows, Business Metrics, and Measurement Strategies, held on June 6-7, 2006 near Washington, D.C. The first two sections describe the workshop and provide a brief background on R & D and innovation metrics. The last section introduces the papers. They are based on selected workshop presentations along with additional invited papers.

Science Parks’ tenants versus out-of-Park firms: who innovates more? A duration model

We study the successfulness of Science Parks (SPs) as seedbeds of innovation. We investigate whether SPs enhance the innovative output of their tenants and if tenants outperform comparable outside-SPs firms. We rely on original matching datasets regarding in- and out-SP Finnish firms and their patenting activity over 1970–2002. We estimate and compare the ‘before-versus-after’ hazard rates of patenting of both samples. The results suggest that, given the existence of a common tendency to slow down the pace at which all firms patent during their life cycle, Park tenants exhibit a comparatively better performance. Results are robust to various model specifications and to Wald tests performed over the pooled samples.

The innovative performance of foreign-owned enterprises in small open economies

This paper compares the innovative performance of foreign-owned and domestically owned enterprises in five European countries. We look at innovation inputs, outputs, and examine how strong foreign-owned enterprises are embedded in the innovations systems of their host countries. We find that foreign ownership is associated with similar levels of innovation input, but higher levels of innovation output and higher labour productivity compared to domestic ownership. In four of the five countries, affiliates of foreign multinationals show a similar or even a higher propensity to co-operate with domestic partners than domestically owned enterprises.

Innovation-related data in bureau of economic analysis international economic surveys

This paper describes innovation-related data available from international economic surveys conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. These data are collected in conjunction with the international transactions accounts of the United States and in surveys of the operations of multinational companies (MNCs). The paper focuses on five innovation-related series: receipts and payments of royalties and license fees; exports and imports of research, development, and testing services; sales of services by foreign affiliates classified in the research and development services industry; MNC R&D spending; and MNC R&D employment.

数字经济监管体制创新的导向与路径

数字经济发展求对传统监管体制进行重构,通过监管体制创新来促进数字经济高质量发展.数字经济监管体制创新的基本导向为:始终坚持审慎包容的基本原则,将促进开放共享和鼓励创新作为政策基点、维护市场竞争作为政策重心、确保监管体制与政策动态有效作为政策理念.中国数字经济监管体制创新的基本路径为:建立相对完善的监管法律体系,构建"平...     

论公共部门人力资源开发的转型与创新

本文在界定公共部门人力资源内涵的基础上,分析了我国公共部门人力资源开发面临的主要环境,提出公共部门的人力资源开发必须从职务常任、终身雇佣到竞争选聘、合约雇佣转型;从单项开发向整体性开发转型;从被动性开发向主动性开发转型;从学院式开发向社会开发转型。同时公共部门人力资源开发必须实现理念创新、开发方法创新、开发文化创新、开发机制创新、开发制度创新。     

特朗普政府强化对中国技术出口管制的经济影响——基于“全球贸易分析模型”的评估

特朗普政府上台后,不断将中国高科技公司与机构列入美方出口管制"实体清单",技术出口管制已成为美国对中国实施极限施压和战略遏制的重要工具。本文运用GTAP评估了美国加强对华技术出口管制对中美两国经济影响,模拟分析中国采取各种对策的效果,研究表明:第一,美国不断加强对华技术出口管制,中美两国GDP、居民消费支出和资本回流净收益率、社会福利、进出口贸易遭受的负面影响也不断加大。第二,采用"增强自主创新能力"与"加强国际经济技术合作"相结合方式来应对美国技术出口管制,中国不但能够获得更多的宏观经济效益,还可以减少中国出口所遭受的负面影响与扩大中国进口,但可能对美国宏观经济和进出口贸易产生较大不利影响。第三,美方加强对中国技术出口管制,对中美两国生产部门产出影响较小;中国在增强自主创新能力的同时,加强国际经济技术合作,有助于提高美国总产出水平,更有助于提高中国的总产出水平。     

论高校思想政治教育工作的创新

当前,高校思想政治教育工作的创新主要包括以下几下方面:一是思想政治教育工作的理念创新,坚持“以学生为本”的原则;二是思想政治教育工作的内容创新,实现“三个”结合;三是工作方式、方法和创新,突出民主性和平等性;四是思想政治教育手段的创新,由传统的单向流动变成双向互动;五是思想政治工作机制的创新,从单一走向多样化,从封闭走向开放。     

中小企业融资困境及对策研究

融资困难是目前制约中小企业发展的瓶颈因素。解决这一问题的主要对策应该是:创新要重点突破,不能急于普及;要与企业经营的专业化、产业结构升级紧密联系起来,加快法律配套,加强政府引导。