Rethinking the Notion of a ‘Higher Law’: Heidegger and Derrida on the Anaximander Fragment

The Anaximander fragment, in the readings of both Heidegger and Derrida, speaks of that which exceeds positive law. In this article, the author provides a detailed reading of Heidegger’s Der Spruch des Anaximander, showing how Heidegger relates this fragment to his thinking of Being, the latter having been ‘forgotten’ by metaphysics. Heidegger’s reading at the same time involves a contemplation of technology and of the ontological relation of beings to each other. Derrida’s reading of Heidegger’s Der Spruch highlights specifically those parts of Heidegger’s text where that which precedes Being’s gathering, Being’s disjoining or dissemination, is pointed to. This disjoining, Derrida contends, speaks of the gift of a day more ancient than memory itself and ties in closely with certain aspects of the thinking of Marx. Derrida’s focus on that which precedes Being is in turn related to his contemplation of the law or condition of possibility of technology and also of that which makes possible a relation to the other as other. This condition of possibility, or the gift of Being, which Heidegger’s text also speaks of, involves a ‘higher law’ which can serve as a ‘measure’ for the evaluation, interpretation and transformation of positive law.

清末改革司法职权配置考察

清末改革中按照立宪政体和三权分立模式建立起相对独立的司法权体系,但法部的司法行政权过大,处处与大理院争权,对审判权的独立行使构成阻碍。大理院内审判权与检察权初步实现了职权独立和相互制约,但对外都受到法部的制约,难以发挥各自应有的作用。清末缺少足够的新式法律人才、配套法律和财政支撑,社会也没有相应的思想准备,尤其是清政府力图强化中央集权和政策统一的指导思想都影响了新建立的司法权体系的独立运行。     

行政法上自然正义理论初探——以英美法为考察对象

自然正义是英国法治的核心概念,亦是英国自古即已存在之古老概念,它起源于自然法的理念,经过长期的历史发展而成为英国普通法上的一项基本原则。自然正义是关于公正行使权力的"最低限度"的程序要求。它包涵两个主要原则,即任何人就自己的诉讼不得自任裁判官;任何人的辩护必须被公平的听取。其核心思想是公平听证规则和避免偏私原则。英国所谓的自然正义相当于美国的正当程序原则。他们比较类似,适用情形也相仿,但是,它们之间也存在着差别。自然正义作为行政法上之一般性原则,是确保程序正义在行政权力运行中得以实现的重要保障,即行政权力的运行必须符合最低限度的程序公正的标准。根据自然正义,我们可以导出自然正义包括行政公开、行政听证、行政回避以及说明理由等制度。自然正义原则不仅是形式正义的实现,更是积极追求个案的实质正义性。     

论中国传统文化的法律精神

中国共产党的十七大报告指出：要弘扬中华文化,建设中华民族共有精神家园。中国传统文化源远流长、博大精深,其正义精神、民本精神、人本精神、和谐精神及平等精神等与现代法律精神相契合。在建设社会主义法治国家的历史进程中,我们既要移植外来法,但更应立足本国传统文化,挖掘本土资源,并大力弘扬其精华部分,传统文化中的法律精神正是本土资源中的宝贵财富。     

Vexatious Claims: Challenging the Case for Employment Tribunal Fees

Since July 2013, recourse to Employment Tribunals in the United Kingdom has attracted fees of up to £1,200 for single claimants. The impact of this reform has been dramatic: within a year, claims dropped by nearly 80 per cent. This paper suggests that this fee regime is in clear violation of domestic and international norms, including Article 6(1) ECHR and the EU principle of effective judicial protection. Drawing on rational choice theory and empirical evidence, we argue that the resulting payoff structures, negative for the majority of successful claimants, strike at the very essence of these rights. The measures are, furthermore, disproportionate in light of the Government's stated policy aims: fees have failed to transfer cost away from taxpayers, have failed to encourage early dispute resolution, and have failed to deter vexatious litigants. The only vexatious claims, we find, appear to be those which motivated the reforms in the first place.     

复和正义和刑事调解

犯罪自产生以来 ,其恶性随着人类文明的进步而加大 ,相反 ,人类用于对付犯罪的刑罚手段却渐趋轻缓和文明。毫无疑问 ,到目前为止 ,刑罚仍是对付犯罪最为有效的手段之一 ,审判也是解决犯罪问题的主要方式。但由于建立在报应基础之上的刑罚 ,本质上是一种“以恶制恶” ,因此 ,其弊端也是显而易见的。由此 ,在处理犯罪问题时需要引入复和正义 ,并进一步扩大刑事调解范围     

论我国信用建设

信用就像一只“无形的手”影响并左右着每个市场主体。本文通过对我国信用现状及原因的分析,认为应该发挥政府在信用建设中的主导作用,提高司法信用,加强企业信用,保护银行信用。     

东盟国家间领土争端的解决:做法、争论与启示

在遇到领土争端问题时,东盟成员国没有诉诸于《东南亚友好合作条约》规定的高级委员会,而是诉诸于国际法院.虽然这一举措并没有违背《东南亚友好合作条约》的规定,但却引起了学者们关于东盟机制作用的争论.国际法院的判决就东盟国家间领土的主权归属做出了明确的判决,但也激起了失利一方强烈的民族情绪.东盟国家间解决领土争端的做法及其结果启示我们:解决复杂国际问题的最好办法还是在于政治解决.而这正是东盟所一直倡导的原则和做法.     

罗尔斯正义论的本体论追问

理论界关于罗尔斯正义论的非本体论解读是不确切的,罗尔斯的正义论不仅继承了卢梭和康德的理性主义契约论方法,而且有着深刻的本体论意蕴,它表现在原初状态的逻辑设定、正义优先性的词典性秩序和反逻辑实证主义的本体论语境以及"反思的平衡"的论证方法等方面。     

中国视野下的恢复性司法

恢复性司法作为一项新兴的刑事司法制度,已经为越来越多的国家采用。这项制度重点考虑对被害人的补偿、被害人与犯罪人之间关系的修复,以及社会在防止犯罪中的作用,因而能够更好地平衡各方利益,并能够在提高司法效率、减少再犯等方面起到积极作用。但这项制度也有缺陷,我国应当积极地同时在一定限制中发展这项制度。