浅析英汉色彩词的文化内涵与翻译

色彩是丰富的,英汉颜色词词义的非对应也是多方面的,而且一种颜色的象征意义并不是单一的,而是多层次的世界各民族对颜色词的运用也多寡不一,分类各异。因此,颜色词的翻译经常使译者感到困惑、不解。就六种颜色词在不同的文化中体现不同的文化内涵作以浅析。     

马克思对现代性法哲学的批判与超越

马克思虽然曾经受过启蒙的现代性法权哲学的影响,但实践中的困扰使得他走向了对现代性法权哲学的批判。自由、平等、理性的现代性价值在市民社会理论的批判下只具有抽象的形式化特征,而在经济学的生活的生产和资本等概念的剖析下则原形毕露,交换领域的平等一旦进入生产领域马上被不平等取代。而马克思的实践论思维方式更是对启蒙的现代性价值具有一种整体性批判的功能,实践论的法哲学本身就是批判的法哲学。     

Reconsidering the southern Europe model: Dowry, women's work and marriage patterns in pre-industrial urban Italy (Turin, second half of the 18th century)

This paper aims to investigate and analyse the impact of the dowry and the endowment system on marriage and household patterns and on the labour market in 18th century Turin. At the same time it enquires into the reliability of the northern/southern Europe pattern for the study of this topic. Two points are developed. Firstly the paper shows that the dowry system coexists with a relatively high age at marriage because of the specific role played by the dowry in Turin society. Indeed, this was not a once-and-for-all established asset but was a negotiable and flexible resource that could be manipulated by the different actors concerned in the endowment. Moreover, the payment did not always take place immediately upon marriage, nor was the money quickly available. At the same time the paper examines the economic role of dowry in Ancien Régime households: by means of a juridical procedure couples could alienate this property, and use or invest it to ensure their well-being and/or their economic situation. Finally, the second part investigates the relationship between the dowry system and the participation of young girls and married women in the local labour market: their significant and crucial presence demonstrates that the dowry and its expectation was not a sufficient incentive to keep them out of the labour market.     

《反垄断法》的阿喀琉斯之踵

通过挖掘《反垄断法》立法“无能”的根源,继而从行政垄断行业的表现分析行政垄断成因,再通过全局分析其弊端并提出解决之法,最后以立法期待作结,剖析了行政垄断对《反垄断法》造成的恶劣影响。     

能动司法：反思与超越

主持人：何勤华（华东政法大学校长、教授、博士生导师） 当一个热点问题处在热炒之中或之后,一个严肃的学者既不应当盲目地追捧,也不应当随意地否定,他最需要做的也许是客观地对待,冷静地反思,并在反思中实现超越。以下四位法学博士正是基于这种学术态度和追求,对于“能动司法”这个当下中国的热点问题进行了深入而独到的研讨。     

探索重塑公共行政公共性的路径

20世纪中后期,随着官僚制理论征服了公共行政实践,公共性的缺失引起了行政学界的广泛关注,许多学者对其作出了严厉的批评,并提出了各种各样的重建公共行政公共性的方案。其实,公共行政公共性的回归不是一个简单地要求公共行政重新获得公共性的问题,而是一个需要对公共行政的价值取向作出重新定位的问题。从理论来看,需要从根本上改变行政学研究的技术中心主义路线,让从属于公共性的价值统领行政管理技术。就行政实践而言,公共性的回归则意味着政府目标的重构,即从政府本位主义转向以社会为中心。也就是说,公共性的回归是治理模式的重构,是朝着建构新型民主治理模式的方向政府改革运动。对于公共行政的公共性回归而言,无论是新公共行政运动的理论畅想还是新公共管理运动的实践努力都是无法取得实质性进展的,只有在理论与实践对公共性的共同追求中,才能有效地解决公共行政“公共性危机”的问题,从而建立起拥有实质公共性的公共行政。     

Does it pay to pollute? Shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits

In this paper, we employ the event study methodology to examine shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits filed in the US Circuit Courts from 1980 to 2001. We find that stocks of defendant firms experience significant negative abnormal returns around the lawsuit filing dates. When the plaintiffs are government entities, the abnormal returns of the defendant stocks are significantly negative. On the other hand, when the plaintiffs are individuals or nonpublic business entities, the abnormal returns are statistically insignificant. When lawsuits are filed under EPA's superfund statute, defendant firms experience significant loss in equity value. For shareholders of the average firm in our sample, the empirical evidence suggests that it does not pay to pollute if the firm is sued.     

Inducing corporate compliance: A compound corporate liability regime

Corporate liability regimes have two major social goals: (i) inducing corporations to internalize all social ramifications of their activity; and (ii) inducing corporations to prevent, deter, and report their employee misconduct. The scholarly polemic has shown that none of the liability regimes recognized thus far in the literature efficiently satisfies both social goals. Following a Law and Economics approach, this paper develops an innovative regime that may comprise an optimal corporate liability framework in most settings. The Compound Corporate Liability Regime developed in this paper is a two-layer strict liability regime. Under this regime, corporations that self-report their employee misconduct incur a sanction that is reduced by the variable enforcement costs saved due to their self-reporting. Such a liability framework aligns social and corporations’ interests, and thereby satisfies both social goals of corporate liability regimes.     

On the optimality of a duty-to-rescue rule and the cost of wrongful intervention

In common law legal systems, there is no legal duty to rescue persons in danger. By contrast in code-based legal systems, the principle of duty to rescue does apply. What is behind this difference? To answer this question, we develop a new model extending the reach and strength of the standard civic duty game by taking into account the cost of wrongful intervention. We use this model to analyze and compare three policy options: doing nothing, adopting a duty-to-rescue rule, and encouraging would-be rescuers. We show that a duty-to-rescue rule is more likely to be welfare enhancing when the cost of inappropriately intervening is low, and that, in certain cases, encouraging would-be rescuers is preferred by a representative citizen to both a duty-to-rescue rule and no-rule. Finally, we offer an explanation for the choices made in the USA and France as to whether to use rescue laws.     

Attitudes among medical and law students toward decision-making in regard to involuntary psychiatric hospitalization

Background

The management of individuals with mental illnesses sometimes requires involuntary hospitalization. The Israel Mental Health Act requires that cases of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization (IPH) be periodically reviewed by the district psychiatric committee. The discussion in the committee often leads to debate regarding the need for an IPH potentially depriving the patient of his freedom. Little is known about the way in which the psychiatrists and attorneys on these committees arrive at their decisions. The present study was designed to examine the views of future doctors and attorneys concerning cases of possible IPH to determine whether their decisions would be influenced by their respective professional educational backgrounds.

Methods

After compiling demographic data, we asked 170 students from each of the two disciplines what their decision would be in two hypothetical cases that dealt with the question of a prolongation of a psychiatric hospitalization. Questionnaires examining social distance and possible stigmatizing views concerning psychiatric patients were also distributed and collected.

Results

The response rates for the medical and law students were, respectively, 90% and 85%. We found no differences between the medical and law students regarding their views on prolongation of a psychiatric hospitalization. This was consistent regardless of whether the hospitalization was against the patient's will or according to his wish and against the treating physicians' advice. We also found that the medical and law students had similar general views regarding psychiatric patients, but that the latter evidenced greater social distance than the former.

Conclusions

Academic background and socialization were not found to influence the decisions of students regarding IPH. Educational programs and exposure to psychiatric patients during law studies are proposed to lessen psychiatric stigma and promote better understanding between members of the two disciplines.