试析艾森豪威尔主义的出台及实施

以美国总统艾森豪威尔命名的美国新中东政策——艾森豪威尔主义,是美国在中东地区的冷战宣言书,它的出台不仅与当时的时代背景——苏伊士运河危机后中东形成的“权力真空”,遏制苏联的需要,中东石油资源、战略位置的重要性有关,更有美国自19、20世纪之交形成的“门户开放”政策有关。可以说,“门户开放”是艾森豪威尔主义出台的深层原因。艾森豪威尔主义在其出台后短短一年半的时间内,就在约旦、叙利亚和黎巴嫩三国应用了三次。     

Localism and coordination under three different electoral systems: The national district of the Japanese House of Councillors

Democratic representation involves tradeoffs between collective actors – political parties seeking to maximize seats – and individual actors – candidates seeking to use their personal vote-earning attributes (PVEAs) to maximize their own chance of election and reelection. We analyze these tradeoffs across three different electoral systems used at different times for the large-magnitude nationwide tier of Japan's House of Councillors. These electoral systems – closed and open-list proportional systems and the single non-transferable vote – differ in the extent to which they entail candidates seeking individual preference votes and in whether collective vote shares affect overall party performance. We use local resources as a proxy for PVEA and seek to determine the extent to which parties nominate “locals” and how much the presence of such locals affects party performance at the level of Japan's prefectures.     

“政务公开”是遏制腐败的治本之策

失去监督的权力有可能导致腐败."政务公开"解决了权力运作的透明度和紧密联系群众这两个根本问题,是遏制腐败的治本之策.     

从"门户开放"到中国加入WTO

从1900年美国提出“门户开放”政策,使中国回复到几个帝国主义国家共同支配的局面,到2001年世界贸易组织通过中国加入世贸组织的法律文件,中国正式成为世贸组织的一员,时间整整一百年。中国加入WTO与百年前的“门户开放”政策有着本质区别“。门户开放”是帝国主义列强侵略中国、破坏中国主权与独立的反动政策;中国加入世界贸易组织,是顺应世界经济的发展潮流,为世界经济全球化和中国经济的发展产生了重要影响,而克林顿政府的外交政策为中国加入世界贸易组织做出了积极贡献。     

政府信息公开范围若干法律问题

政府信息公开范围的原则,是依法公开原则,不是"以公开为原则,以不公开为例外".依申请公开政府信息的基本标准,是利害关系标准,即"切身利益"标准,其中包含生产、生活、科研等工作、职业、活动需要."敏感信息"的标准,既涉及政府信息公开范围,也涉及政府信息公开程度,具有政治性、政策性和或然性特征.     

Demoted leaders and exiled candidates: Disentangling party and person in the voter’s mind

The debate on personalization in electoral politics is inconclusive. There is confusion about the concept of personalization. Moreover, the fact that party evaluation and person evaluation are interrelated complicates the debate. This paper focuses on the latter problem by employing counterfactual thought experiments in which voters are asked to simulate their vote with their candidate lower on the party list or nominated by another party. The results show that most voters put party above person and less than ten percent put person above party. A sizeable third category has a preference for an individual candidate as long as that candidate does not leave the party. Also, personalization is slightly more important with regard to (the leaders of) populist parties, and individual candidates are more important for voters with less education, less political knowledge and a less deeply rooted party preference.     

试析开放存取期刊对高校图书馆信息资源建设的作用

开放存取期刊作为一种全新的学术交流模式,已引起图书馆界的普遍关注。它不仅丰富了馆藏,而且有效缓解了图书馆期刊采购经费过高的压力,并实现了信息资源的共建共享。高校图书馆应通过完善馆藏体系,转变信息服务等方式,充分挖掘这一新资源,使其成为图书馆信息资源建设的有益补充。     

全球合作抗击新冠病毒蔓延的知识产权对策(上)

目前,全球正面临着新冠病毒肆虐引发的当代最大公共卫生危机的挑战。为了应对全球重大疫情,维护人类健康,保障人类福祉,各国政府、非政府机构、大学、科研院所、司法机构等近期就知识产权如何应对新冠病毒联手行动,纷纷出谋划策,制订并实施了一系列新举措,使知识产权成为抗击新冠病毒肺炎的一个有效法律工具。     

The dancing body in peace education

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the potentials of the dancing body in peace education seen from a transrational perspective. The author explores how the multifaceted and creative body as worked with in the conscious dance and movement practice Open Floor can be tapped into and drawn upon to engage the multiple potentials of humans as contact boundaries at work. She reflects in this regard upon her own experiences as an Open Floor teacher. The article first discusses how the experience of dancing in Open Floor unfolds a creative process that is 1) both intrarelational and interrelational, and 2) always in transformation. Further, the article discusses how the dancing body is engaged as holistic, relational and dynamic through the Open Floor teaching tool 4 × 4, and how this dancing body supports a creative engagement with intra-inter dynamics in peace education.     

Electoral reform and the mirror image of inter-party and intra-party competition: The adoption of party lists in Colombia

The Colombian case offers a rare opportunity to observe effects of electoral reform where districting remains constant. Only the formula changed, from extremely ‘personalized’ (seats allocated solely on candidate votes) to ‘listized’: seats are allocated to party lists, which may be either open or closed. Electoral reform has effects on both the inter-party dimension (the number of parties competing) and the intra-party dimension (the extent of competition within parties). Consistent with theoretical expectations, the inter-party dimension features an increased number of parties in the low-magnitude districts and a decrease in the high-magnitude districts. On the intra-party dimension, the impact “mirrors” the inter-party: less competition in smaller districts, yet more in larger districts.