权利与责任——浅谈舆论监督中的法律关系问题

权利与责任始终是一对相互依赖又相互矛盾的概念。而在新闻媒介这个敏感的领域中,权利与责任更是一个让人欲罢不能的问题。在我国的法律中有明确规定,“人民有知晓重大事件的权利”。获得这种“知晓权”的渠道就是大众传播。但媒介在行使这种舆论监督的权利时却往往遭遇尴尬,有时法律上的援助也显得那么苍白无力。本篇文章就舆论监督中的法律关系问题是从三个方面来讨论的。最后作者认为,权利和责任的平衡不是单方面的事情,是全社会努力才能达到的。     

论日本战后皇国史观和军国史观的回潮

日本战败投降后,美国为了把日本拉进西方集团的营垒,对昭和天皇不予起诉,并通过旧金山条约对日本彻底“松绑”,一大批负有战争责任的政客、官僚、财阀要员重新钻进政坛,战时的“皇国史观”和“军国史观”等货色开始回潮。随着冷战的深化,日本在追随西方积极反共、反社会主义阵营的同时,不断变换手法,朝着政治、军事大国化的目标迈进。发展到今天,日本陆海空自卫队公然联合开进战区,和平宪法被彻底架空,日本总理再三再四地连续参拜靖国神社,日本的动向引起亚洲人民的警觉和不安。     

我国刑事赔偿制度的困境与出路

刑事赔偿制度要发挥调整、缓解司法权与公民权的矛盾和冲突的功能,就必须将平衡司法权与公民权所要求的内容表达出来。我国现行刑事赔偿法律制度在制度规范层面存在严重缺陷,不能满足调整司法权与公民权的矛盾和冲突的实际需要,应当在刑事赔偿范围、归责原则、赔偿义务主体、赔偿程序以及赔偿经费管理体制的设定上进行修改完善,使其与其他相关制度构成一个完整的权利救济体系。     

我国古代未成年人犯罪刑事立法的启示

中国古代法律制度深受儒家仁义道德主义思想的影响,对未成年人犯罪的处理就是其中之一,古称"恤幼"。"恤幼"思想认为统治者和社会对未成年人的健康成长负有不可推卸的责任,主张对未成年人犯罪实行不同于成年人的特别宽容制度,在刑事实体法和程序法上都主张对未成年人给予更多的关爱,并将其体现在刑事立法和司法实践中。这些刑事政策和法律规定不仅为当时的未成年人犯罪惩罚、预防工作指引了正确方向,为维护未成年人的特殊利益起到了积极作用,也为当代科学完善未成年人犯罪刑事政策的形成和发展提供了宝贵的资源。     

Impediments to the implementation of voluntary codes of conduct in production factories of the Global South: so much to do,so little done

A common consequence of the fragmented supply practices of multinational corporations are unfair and exploitative working conditions in the global South. Many corporations face this, and the resulting reputational damage, by installing voluntary codes of conduct in their supplier factories, leading to a vast range of implementation practices by the factory managers. Despite this effort, the literature shows that the positive impact of these codes on labour conditions in such factories remains insufficient. This article argues that this insufficiency is rooted in the exclusiveness and eurocentrism of codes of conduct and elaborates on why corporations tend to prefer influencing certain labour conditions over others. It concludes by briefly discussing multi-stakeholder organisations as a possible solution to these predicaments, and points the way to further research on the topic.     

Assumption of Responsibility in Corporate Groups: Chandler v Cape plc

In Chandler v Cape plc, the Court of Appeal imposed for the first time liability on a company for a breach of its duty of care to an employee of its subsidiary. In doing so, the court laid out a new four‐part test for ascertaining a parent company's responsibility for the health and safety of individuals employed by group companies. Although liability of parent companies may be justified under the right circumstances, the court's approach in Chandler is problematic in a number of ways and raises more questions than it answers.     

Langauge and Violence: Analysis of Four Discursive Operations

The Interactional and Discursive View of Violence and Resistance is a framework for critical analysis and research, prevention and intervention that takes into account the conditions that enable personalized violence, the actions of perpetrators and victims, and the language used in representing those actions. Using this analytic framework, we analyzed five accounts of personalized violence, one each from a perpetrator, a psychiatrist, a judge, a government minister, and a therapist. Our results demonstrate the scope and the ubiquity with which diverse accounts locally accomplish four-discursive-operations; namely, the concealing of violence, obfuscating of perpetrators’ responsibility, concealing of victims’ resistance, and blaming and pathologizing of victims. We examine the specific linguistic devices that combine to accomplish the four-discursive-operations in each case. These data suggest that the problem of violence is inextricably linked to the problem of representation.

从习水性侵害幼女案谈嫖宿幼女罪的适用

嫖宿幼女罪是从强奸罪中分离出来的一个新罪名,两者之间存在法条竞合关系。当行为人嫖宿幼女具有一般情节时,应适用嫖宿幼女罪。当嫖宿行为具有符合强奸罪的加重情节时,虽然强奸罪的最高法定刑比嫖宿幼女罪为重,但综合考量强奸罪的法定刑排列顺序、嫖宿人的主观意图、幼女的过错等方面,以强奸罪论处的刑罚并不意味着比嫖宿幼女罪为重,因嫖宿幼女罪的特殊规定性,以嫖宿幼女罪论处更为合理。行为人以嫖宿的方式与幼女发生性关系,不论是否明知该幼女是被强迫卖淫的,只要自己未实施该强迫行为,都应以嫖宿幼女罪论处,同时也不构成强迫卖淫罪的共犯。     

论企业社会责任的驱动机制

作为法律要求之外的事项,企业社会责任起初乃受到社会因素和市场因素的驱动。近来,法律作为一种驱动机制正发挥着越来越大的作用。社会/市场力量和法律力量的交互作用有效推动CSR运动向前发展的过程显示,CSR运动的进展需以一个充满活力、富于自主精神的市民社会作为必要前提。对中国而言,要想促成CSR的良性发展,应该积极促进市民社会的建设。     

经济法责任体系的二元结构及二重性

经济法律关系的主体分为国家和具有一定经济功能的个体 ,参与经济活动的任何主体的经济违法行为 ,都同时损害了社会整体利益与某一个体的经济利益。与此相应 ,经济法律责任具有二元性与二重性 ,即同时承担公法责任及私法责任