The 2008 Election

The 2008 presidential election will be significant both for domestic and for foreign policy. Issues of security in domestic policy will continue to trump issues of freedom. The difficulties of resolving our military presence in Iraq will be the first among many important issues the new administration must confront. In both domestic and foreign affairs the new administration will have to deal with the unanticipated consequences of inherited policies even as it creates its own agenda and its own set of unintended consequences.

沈家本与新刑律草案的伦理革命

《大清新刑律》是中国近代第一部西化的刑法典 ,它的“新”不仅体现在采取了西方刑法的基本制度 ,贯穿了资产阶级刑法的基本原则等方面 ,而且更重要的是导致了法律背后的伦理的变化 ,是法律的精神革命。研究沈家本与这场伦理革命的关系不仅有助于我们进一步认识沈家本对中国法律近代化的贡献以及其历史局限性 ,而且也有助于我们对中国法律现代化的性质和使命的进一步认识。     

十月革命的当代审视——兼论中国特色社会主义的重大历史意义

要全面客观地评价十月革命,首先必须搞清:十月革命解决了哪些问题,遗留了哪些问题,还有哪些问题需要进一步探索解决.十月革命解决了社会主义由理论变为实践、东方落后国家的现代化和殖民地半殖民地民族解放的道路问题,遗留下了社会主义的模式建设、世界发展、政党建设和社会建设等基本问题.十月革命启示我们:社会主义必须首先和着重发展生产力,提高人民生活;社会主义必须进行模式创新,走出自己的特色;无产阶级政党必须加强自身建设,提高各种能力;社会主义必须是和谐社会与和谐世界的有机统一,走向人类大同.在中国,包括民主社会主义在内的任何"模式"都不能取代中国特色社会主义,因为中国特色社会主义是中国自己探索出的符合自己特点的真正成功之路.     

Women's Organisations and the Politics of Gender in Cuba's Urban Insurrection (1952–1958)

This article sheds new light on Cuba's urban insurrection to oust Fulgencio Batista by focusing on two all‐women's anti‐Batista groups. It charts the origins and developments of the groups, explores their conceptions about the importance of women's political action and examines the impact that participating in the insurrection had on group members. The article complicates long‐standing assumptions about women's low levels of participation in the insurrection and the absence of demands for gender equity among those who did participate by noting that some older women militants had histories with the feminist movement of the 1930s, and that many younger women were forced by the circumstances of the insurrection to confront and challenge contemporary gender norms.     

Die Wiederherstellung des Marktsubjekts

The UK is generally considered a laboratory for styles of governance influenced by New Public Management: outsourcing, internal markets, targets, auditing. The shifts in governance style, and the new instruments that have accompanied them, were once synonymous with “Thatcherism” but have since been adopted and refined by New Labour. Early critical social scientific analyses deployed the Gramscian notion of hegemony to analyse this shift. This was followed by Foucault inspired analyses of “governmentality”. The latter focused more explicitly on the micro-level of conduct. This article follows that lead, but seeks to address the central puzzles thrown up by this experiment through Max Weber’s conception of a “bureaucratic revolution” and Karl Polanyi’s analysis of the constitution of a “market subject” via a “double movement”: a simultaneous loosening and tightening of control. The Weber-Polanyi approach allows us, we argue, to make the link more explicit between micro-level changes in the “conduct of life” (Lebensführung) and the meso-level instruments designed to bring about such a re-orientation of conduct. The article makes the case with reference to empirical material from a number of public services, notably education and health. Overall, the decisive factor is not a weakening of the state, but a change in its capacities and instruments.     

论现代科技革命与和谐社会建设

相比第一、二次科技革命,现代科技革命体现出范围广泛、内容丰富,从理论研究到实际应用,其时间和空间大大缩短,对经济、社会的影响日益广泛和深刻的新特点。但同时现代科技革命也容易诱发新的社会矛盾,例如收入差距的贫富分化、价值观念和道德标准的转型以及对经济和政治体制的冲击与自身的创新行为等。现代科技革命对我国构建和谐社会至少具有以下意义:建设和谐社会是科技革命的前提;构建和谐社会不仅有利于避免甚至消除现代科技革命所产生的负面影响,对现代科技革命向生产力转化环节中起到润滑剂作用,而且也有利于在同科技革命互动中实现良性发展。     

试论土家族人民对辛亥革命的贡献

1480年鸦片战争后,土家族人民深受外国鸦片、宗教、商品的毒害和剥削。土家人温朝中、黄玉山领导黔江、咸丰的武装起义成为辛亥革命的前奏。辛亥革命中,一大批土家儿女积极投身武昌首义,土家族地区的人民积极响应,为推翻清王朝的封建统治用出了贡献。     

Historical origins of the party-army relations in the Soviet Union and China

It is established that Party-army relation followed a "separated" pattern in the Soviet Union as opposed to an "infused" pattern in China. This article explores the historical origin of this difference in the revolutionary periods. By analyzing the biographies of communist military elites, it argues that this discrepancy took shape before the revolutionary takeover and resulted from the differentiated intensities of warfare across Russia and China. In China, the numerous civil wars and military defeats, radicalized the old military structure and boosted societal militarization; thus, eroding the mutual exclusion between the military and revolutionaries. The effect was lesser in Tsarist Russia than in prerevolutionary China, making the old military a conservative and professional corporate that the Bolsheviks could not completely subordinate to Party control.     

“职能革命”、管理绩效带动政府责任实现——卡梅隆政府公共机构改革的行政学意涵及对我国的启示

在卡梅隆政府一系列激进的政府改革中,尤以公共机构改革最引人瞩目。在对英国政府出台的相关公共机构改革政策、方案进行文本编码、对改革逻辑的频数和应用强度进行统计分析的基础上,我们发现保留机构的逻辑是要保证其更好地履行专业职能;改造为NDPB的逻辑是实现职能清理;不再作为公共企业的思路是消除公共财政负担,等等。软件拟合的改革嵌套逻辑显示了行政学意涵:牛顿力学原理为基础的线性逻辑是改革的方向盘;职能革命是公共机构获得绩效的元工具;以公共管理带动政治责任实现的后管理主义;将公共部门看成社会的一个生产部门来拉动经济复苏。这启示我们在十二五期间政府机构、事业单位的改革仍要强调科学管理;机构、事业单位改革应当以职能革命为主线;通过改善公共管理质量破解民众不满;将政府组织、公共机构当作市场主体而非救市者来改进其内部管理。