战略预期与小国挑战周边大国的策略选择——以菲、越两国南海制华政策(2009~2019)为例

文章提出了后冷战时期战略预期导向下小国(主动)挑战周边大国策略选择的分析框架。战略预期有助于小国明确其挑战周边大国“源动力”的强弱,以及预判具备哪些必要条件才能相对成功地挑战周边大国。小国享有大国竞争赋予的重要战略空间,其面对的冲突性议题不是周边大国的战略重点,采取迫使和诱使周边大国保持战略克制的策略,这些对小国则至关重要。在多个小国挑战同一周边大国时,“源动力”相对强烈的小国,不同的战略预期将催生其差异明显的策略模式。根据大国竞争的强度与周边大国“求稳”偏好的水平,此类小国的战略预期可以依次分解为审慎战略预期、进取性战略预期和修正后战略预期;相应的策略选择为侧重温和软制衡或侧重强硬软制衡的对冲、侧重准硬制衡的对冲或硬制衡以及四种潜在的策略修正。菲律宾和越南2009~2019年南海制华政策的演变验证了这一逻辑。掌控南海敏感争议海域新的油气开发格局、积极应对司法化趋势并探索更加包容的争端解决方案,是中国深度塑造菲、越两国南海战略预期的重要着力点。     

小型餐饮业卫生监管影响因素与对策

由于小型餐饮业经营者投入不足,加之从业人员卫生意识淡薄,小型餐饮业存在着食品安全隐患。由于小型餐饮业点多面广,而基层卫生监督力量薄弱,导致了小型餐饮业的食品安全卫生监督存在诸多死角和真空。本文在分析小型餐饮业食品安全隐患的基础上,结合目前我国餐饮业卫生监督现状,探讨小型餐饮业卫生监督管理的影响因素及对策,以期为小型餐饮业的卫生监管提供参考。     

Small Business’ Place in the South Korean State–Society Relations

Korean small businesses have come a long way as sources of industrial power more important than heretofore credited. The nation's undemocratic dirigisme had largely slighted small businesses to the country's disadvantage. Although the government's policy bias against them started to change in the early 1980s, its support of them remained less than fully-fledged. Despite tough socio-economic conditions, however, both the first and second generation small entrepreneurs have strived to prove their self-worth as viable business enterprises and constantly—and increasingly over time—contributed to the incremental improvement of the economy. By shedding light on the little-known motivations, perceptions, and performances of the small business people, this article offers a more balanced and nuanced account of the past and present state of small businesses in the country, which provides a tentative basis for considering alternative vision for future development.     

The Commonwealth,Apartheid, and the Role of Micro-states

In the 1980s, the debate surrounding South Africa apartheid consumed the Commonwealth. While superficially this discussion might appear to have had little relevance to the interests of micro and small state members of the Commonwealth, the behemothic nature of apartheid presented significant challenges to such states. This article attempts to assess the varied ways in which South African apartheid affected the diplomatic strategies of micro-states within the political landscape of the Commonwealth, and how it could be perceived as both a hindrance to their agendas, as well a potential tool in the fight to amplify their voices. Micro-states used the egalitarian structure of the Commonwealth and combined it with the prominence of apartheid in international debate to both elevate their status and even to garner support for their own personal concerns. Apartheid’s reframing of the international conversation had broad reverberations which affected Commonwealth responses to a variety of seemingly disparate issues. This culminated in the ejection of Fiji from the Commonwealth in the aftermath of the 1987 coup due to concerns over racial discrimination, emblematising the all-pervasive nature of the apartheid debate within the Commonwealth.     

《行政诉讼法》的大修与小改——关于《行政诉讼法》修改的思考

对《行政诉讼法》实施取得的成绩和存在的问题进行全面的总结和分析,可以发现,《行政诉讼法》既存在制度空白,也存在制度缺陷;既存在法内问题,也存在法外问题。主张修改时应当针对不同情况采取不同的修改策略。修改《行政诉讼法》时应当重点注意一些问题,特别是在立法目的上应当以规范行政诉讼行为为原始目的,其他皆属于派生性目的 ;在破解执行难问题上应当引入问责机制,通过问责突破执行难。     

日本"小小善意"运动对中国青少年德育的启示

日本“小小善意”运动采用灵活的方式，强调学校、家庭、社会的密切配合，注重培养人与人、人与自然的和谐相处，侧重“善意”行为的强化和内化，其内容具体、易于接受，很好的实现了对青少年进行思想品德教育的目标。其有效经验可以为改进我国青少年思想道德教育现状提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

以小生命融入文化和自然的大生命——钱穆“人生论”初探

近代以来,虽然中国思想界对传统文化的主导倾向是批判和决裂,但仍然有一些思想家对中华文化怀抱着"温情与敬意",国学大师钱穆就是其中杰出的代表之一.在<晚学盲言>等论著中,钱穆以中西人生观比较为基本线索,以"士"(知识分子)为传统人生观的主要代表,以关于大生命与小生命、心世界与物世界、天与人关系的阐发为中心,全面、深刻地概括了中国文化的理想和精华,成为当今中华传统人生观复兴,并与国外人生观积极因素相结合的先驱.     

试论乡村小城镇建设

乡村小城镇作为农村和城市的粘合剂,对于推动广大农村和城市的经济发展、事业繁荣具有十分重要的作用,尤其在社会主义新农村建设中地位更加突出,因此如何建设乡村小城镇成为学界关注的热点话题。在总结学者们关于如何建设小城镇的研究中,我们认为,建设乡村小城镇应该从农民的需求出发,建设农民期盼的小城镇,本文就是基于这一主旨所展开的初步探讨。     

刑事政策:“严打”与“破小案”

随着社会治安形势的发展,基本刑事政策由"惩办与宽大相结合"向"宽严相济"演进,随之具体刑事政策亦将由"严打"向"破小案"演进。     

民营小水电开发运营中的法律制度运行检讨——基于鄂西某民营小水电站的调查

有关民营小水电开发运营的法律制度在实施中存在一系列问题：审批手续繁杂且衍生的成本费用高昂,不能享受平等的融资条件,增值税优惠政策在部分地方被电力公司架空,上网电价为政府和电力公司所掌控,这些因素综合导致民营小水电成本投入和产出效益失衡,投资积极性下降.基于此,应针对小水电“小”的特点,优化审批程序和内容,政府在提供贴息贷款或补贴支持的同时还需切实保障各项优惠措施的落实,确立合理的定价机制,发挥小水电行业协会和媒体的作用.此外,还应提升相关依据的立法层次并避免冲突.