Creating the National/Border Security Nexus: Counter-Terrorist Operations and Monitoring Middle Eastern and North African Visitors to the UK in the 1970s–1980s

Abstract

This article looks at an earlier episode in the history of the UK border security apparatus by examining how the immigration control system was used in the 1970s and 1980s to detect potential terrorists from the Middle East and North Africa. Using recently opened archival records, it shows that the UK government introduced a strict system of visa checks, interviews, and other measures to nearly all Middle Eastern and North African visitors to the UK to prevent the entry of suspected terrorist personnel. By using these highly arbitrary measures, it became the modus operandi of the UK authorities to treat all Middle Eastern and North Africans as potential terrorists until convinced otherwise.     

沙特阿拉伯王国的大国外交战略

沙特王国自建国伊始,为了寻求和维护自身安全,在不同的历史时期,对英、美、中、俄等大国采取了一种与之交好的务实态度。沙特石油的发现和大量开采带来的财富剧增、沙特的特殊宗教地位、哈里发制度的废除和埃及纳塞尔主义的失败,确保了沙特的伊斯兰世界大国和盟主地位。沙特面对海湾这个中东地区的次地区安全复合体中的两伊威胁,联合小国组成海合会,以在海湾次地区形成力量平衡,达到某种程度的均势局面,维护自身的次地区大国地位。沙特在这三个层次分别采用了自由主义、建构主义和现实主义为基础的外交理念,这与其涵盖君主制与瓦哈比主义的国家核心信念、优越的宗教使命感和实用的灵活性行动原则的政治文化不无关系。     

Who Pays the Piper?

Abstract

This paper, using research from the UK and comparable US studies, looks at the growth in party fundraising, ethics of the process, impact on electoral systems, candidates, parties, campaigning and methods of obtaining funds (one donor in the UK has recently agreed to give £5 million to the Conservative Party because they are anti EU whilst Labour gained £1 million from the smoking lobby in 1997). It then links this to a growth in strategic public affairs and outlines the direct causal link between political lobbying and party fundraising.     

《奎章政要》真伪及虞、揭关系辨析

揭傒斯著《奎章政要》一书的说法,最早见于元末陶宗仪《辍耕录》奎章政要条。根据与揭傒斯同时的欧阳玄为揭傒斯写的墓志铭、黄溍为揭傒斯写的神道碑可以确定,《奎章政要》是讹窜揭傒斯的《太平政要》所致。奎章政要条的描述逻辑乖谬,基本是杜撰,这与元季人士对虞集、揭傒斯才华的估定以及对他们的熟稔程度有关。人们以揭傒斯在《范先生诗序》中所提供的虞集关于元诗四家的诗评为导火索,对虞、揭关系的解读逐渐偏离事实,引发出许多讹谬。     

英国警察武器使用概览

英国警察使用武器经历了一个渐进的备受争议的发展过程,大多数警察对武装化持抵制态度。目前,英国警方通过培训授权持枪警察、装备武装反应警车来处置需要使用武器的紧急事件,不同警种使用的武器也有差异。警察开枪事件常常引发公众的非议。     

防治恐怖分子跨境流动的英国立法及启示

恐怖主义国际化引发的恐怖分子跨境流动频发现象已成为各国反恐立法关注的重点。为有效应对此类行为,英国积极推动反恐立法,逐步构建了以行政措施为基础,刑法规制为保障的相对完备的防治体系。其内容包括扣押证件、临时禁入令及剥夺国籍的递进式行政强制措施和通过预防性刑法规制将跨境准备实施恐怖活动等预备行为犯罪化。对照英国相关立法经验,我国在防范恐怖分子跨境流动方面虽然也确立了出入境限制、预备行为犯罪化等应对措施,但仍应继续完善其制度构建,同时也可借鉴剥夺国籍等防治手段。     

Film Policy in the United Kingdom: New Labour at the Movies

The article summarises key aspects of government intervention in the British film industry since the election of a Labour government in 1997. The process of amalgamating a variety of existing institutions (including British Screen, the British Film Commission and the Arts Council's Lottery Film Department) into the new UK Film Council is described and the implications for developments in the English regions is considered. The issue of the continuing American dominance of the industry is explored and this is related to the contentious concept of an economically 'sustainable' domestic industry. In conclusion it is proposed that more careful attention be given to the cultural and educational implications of current policy.     

美英领事保护预警机制的特点及对我国的启示

近年来,保护海外中国公民的合法权益引起各界关注,领事保护工作成为中国外交的新重点。完备的领事保护预警机制对做好领事保护工作十分重要。本文论述了美英两国领事保护预警机制的特点,并结合我国领事保护预警机制的现状,总结出了几点启示。     

英国刑事证据制度的新发展

在英国证据法基本原理的基础上,从理论与实务两方面论述英国刑事司法制度的改革与证据制度的新发展,包括刑事侦查中警察权力的强化、刑事公诉中的检验标准、刑事审判中的证据开示以及非法证据的排除等。