农民环境权益的法律保障

环境权是公民的合法权益之一,是公民得以生存和发展的前提和基础.每个人都应当享有环境权益上的公平与公正.目前,作为环境弱势群体的农民的环境权却没有得到有效的保障,影响了农民的生存和基本素质的提高,不利于农村社会经济秩序的稳定和全社会的环境保护.文章着重从确立环境权,调整国家公共政策,完善环保机构,建立权利补偿机制与环境公益诉讼制度,保障农民环境参与权等方面提出了加强农民环境权益保护的法律建议.     

中国新生代群体内潜在冲突的现状与对策探讨——以“80后”农民工和“80后”大学生为例

作为中国新生代群体的主体,“80后”农民工和“80后”大学生已步入历史舞台。客观地讲,由于先天教育不平等造成的差距进一步引起后天职业地位竞争的不平等,二者在获得较好职业地位的能力上是存在一定差距的。但对于权利意识和平等观念日益提高和增强的新生代农民工群体而言,他们显然不能接受这一现实。对新生代群体的形成、追求及其在未来的社会发展中可能面临的群体间的矛盾进行分析,可进一步探求有效解决这一潜在矛盾与冲突的对策和机制。     

提高领导干部应对群体性事件的能力

我国正处在社会转型期,各类群体性事件呈现出高发、频发的态势。在应对群体性事件的过程中,要求各级领导干部注重养成提高风险预警的能力、做好群众工作的能力、现场处置的能力、舆论引导的能力、一善后处置的能力及开拓创新的能力。     

谈劫持案件处置模型

各种劫持人质犯罪活动不断增多,实施手法不断翻新,它对政活、经济、社会秩序、公共安全造成的负面影响也越来越大,探索劫持案件处置模型,有针对性地加强训练,具有积极的意义.     

论反就业歧视法的多元综合实施理论

我国现行反就业歧视法律制度采用单一的司法实施机制,无法得到有效实施.就业歧视本质上是群体与群体之间的利益冲突,而非个体利益冲突.反就业歧视法客观存在着群体化个体利益和群体化社会利益两种法益.反就业歧视法有群体化个体利益实施模式和群体化社会利益实施模式两种,两种模式都突破了传统私法个体利益实现机制和传统公法公共利益实现机...     

从财物被盗现象看企业防范中的弱点

从成长型企业和在建项目工地财物屡屡被盗的现象来看,企业大都存在着管理不善、防范措施不到位等问题。只有采取强有力的防范措施,才能遏制盗窃犯罪的发生。     

对理顺集团公司工会工作的调查与思考

随着国企改革的不断深入 ,集团公司及下属企业的工会和职工群众参与资产运作 ,实行民主管理的职责和任务日益显得重要 ,而集团公司内部却出现了工会组织断层 ,民主管理断档的现象 ,这必须引起我们的高度重视并采取相应的对策。     

Perverse Effects of Unfulfilled Norms: A Look at the Roots of Favoritism

In four experiments, 120 subjects had to judge and reward the performance of players in a game. When no player fulfilled the norm of the game, subjects gave rewards arbitrarily or favored their friends among the players; when some players fulfilled the norm of the game, subjects made fair judgments, rewarding the players who fulfilled the norm, and they did not favor their friends. These findings suggest that research on in-group favoritism should include a serious discussion of the formal norms that regulate people's decisions when they have to allocate rewards.     

Criminalistic identification of PGM-containing products of mining and metallurgical companies

In early 1990 s some organized criminal groups started to develop a new field of illegal business, which involved thefts of intermediary products from mining and metal-producing plants in Russia and in the south of Africa. Since local sulfide copper/nickel ores contain certain concentrations of precious and platinum group metals (PGMs), the intermediary products recovered at different stages of metallurgical transformation of these ores are materials of high commercial value. Illicit transportation and refining of these materials in Western Europe and North America has evolved into a large-scale business, where a lot of unlawful revenues are being laundered. The most important tasks in combating this organized crime are as follows: to establish the facts when some PGM-containing semi-products had been received at certain refineries; to carry out the identification of these semi-products; and to prove that these semi-products had been produced by a certain company. As a rule, it is not difficult to establish the identity of a "clean product". However, when a material is a mix of several semi-products or a mix of some semi-product with masking substances, the identification of individual components becomes an extremely complicated task. The purpose of developing the "complex procedure for establishing the nature and source of origin of precious metal-bearing products of mining and metallurgical operations" was to make possible the identification of complex mixes comprised of various metallurgical semi-products. In the complex procedure that we have developed to characterize dispersed materials, distribution of particles by their elemental composition (the so-called "pseudophase" composition) was used instead of mineralogical composition. To determine the "pseudophase" composition by the method of scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis (SEM-EDX), a representative sample of material containing not less than 1000 particles was analyzed. All microparticles can be divided into several types. Each type is characterized by an association of chemical elements contained. The first stage includes the study of elemental composition by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry; and the study of phase composition by X-ray diffractometry. The results of each study are compared with data in the Data Base. In case of coincidence with one of the products with respect to all diagnostic features, the type of product and its source of origin are defined accordingly. If the features of the sample under analysis detected by the aforementioned methods do not coincide with any of the product types represented in Data Base, it is necessary to examine elemental composition and morphology of separate particle contained in the substance using SEM-EDX. If some particles characterized by features coinciding with features of particles belonging to any product or products from Data Base are found, this product or a mixture of products is assumed to be present in the composition of the substance under analysis. The assumption that the substance is a mixture can be verified by juxtaposing all previously determined features of the analyzed sample with the features of the pattern mixture (superposition) of the appropriate types of products represented in Data Base. Depending on the results of this verification the corresponding conclusion can be made.     

弱势群体的法律保护对策

弱势群体是影响稳定大局的重要因素。我国目前对弱势群体问题的解决主要依赖于原有的社会保障体系。但实践中社会保障制度仍存在不少问题,无法很好地保障弱势群体的合法权益。因此,我国有必要出台专门的单行法规,使社会保障制度明确化、法律化,从而切实地实现对弱势群体的法律保护。