Youth organizations,citizenship, and guidelines for tourism in the wake of mass tourism in Finland

This paper will study tourism as a site of citizenship formation with a particular focus on the arrangements and lived practices of citizenship in the Finnish Youth Organization and in a sub-section of Northern Ostrobothnian Travel Club between 1965 and 1985. From the perspective of the model of citizenship in Finland, modern mass tourism was not unproblematic and it was uniquely incorporated in the program and activities of the Finnish Youth Organization, underlining the wider social and civic utility of tourism. In this paper, the examination of archive materials from this particular historical period will provide a nuanced understanding of the mutual formation of citizenship and tourism at multiple geographical scales and insight into how the model of citizenship has been of great importance for mobile people in many ways.     

Passport to Parenthood: Reproductive Pathways In and Out of Denmark

Denmark has become a destination for single women, lesbians, and heterosexual couples wanting donated sperm. At the moment, women from Sweden, Norway, Germany, Italy, and the UK travel to Denmark. Simultaneously, waiting lists for donated eggs and age restrictions are prime motivations for infertile Danish women and heterosexual couples to leave Denmark and travel to Spain, the Czech Republic, the Ukraine, and Greece for egg donation. Informed by Donna Haraway’s notion of “the apparatus of bodily production”, Marcia Inhorn’s development of “reproductive flows”, and the use of Adele Clarke’s “situational analysis”, this paper explores the question: How do global reproductive pathways in and out of Denmark emerge when fertility travellers narrate, negotiate, and cross national borders to go through fertility treatment? Methodologically, we use a multi-sited and multi-modal approach centring on interviews with fertility travellers moving to and from Denmark in combination with ethnographic observations carried out in Danish and Spanish fertility clinics and an analysis of legal regulations. The paper concludes by discussing how the concept of reproductive pathways helps to theorize transnational movements of bodies and contributes to feminist scholarship on transnational reproductive travel.     

Residential tourism and depeasantisation in the Ecuadorian Andes

International residential tourism is a recent phenomenon in the Andean area. However, in places where it has been established, rapid changes in social and economic structures have occurred. The Municipality of Cotacachi (Northern Ecuador) is paradigmatic. Having become a destination for American retirees, residential tourism has generated a sharp increase in the price of rural land and has decelerated a land market that once allowed young farmers to continue agricultural activities. Residential tourism has promoted land exchange value while sacrificing use value, threatening peasant reproduction mechanisms.     

Contested geopolitical messages for tourists at the Okinawa Peace Park and memorials

Abstract

Now marketed as a tropical beach destination, Okinawa's identity is also forever linked with the horrors of war. Okinawa's tumultuous past encompasses the Ryukyu Islands, which had close economic ties to China until being annexed by mainland Japan, were invaded by the US in the Second World War, were occupied until 1972 and, more recently, have become the centre of heated debates over the continued presence of US military bases. The Battle of Okinawa was one of the bloodiest of the Second World War and the inhabitants faced not only the American invasion but also the tactics of the Japanese army, who viewed the islands as expendable in order to slow invading forces from reaching mainland Japan. In the context of the seventieth anniversary of the end of the Battle of Okinawa in 2015, and beyond, it is argued here that these conflicting geopolitical disputes present significant challenges in terms of the messages presented to educational dark tourists visiting the Okinawa Peace Park and Memorials. The Peace Park Story Tellers or kataribe who are the Second World War survivors, have the critical task of mediating the message to both domestic and international tourists, some of whom are not prepared to hear anti-Japan sentiment. Through an examination of the historical and geographic background, and an analysis of the tourist experience at the Peace Park and Memorials, this paper explores the complexity of educational dark tourism where competing messages collide.     

试论当前我国红色旅游发展的信息化建设

旅游信息化是红色旅游发展的内在要求与必由之路,但目前信息化水平滞后已成为红色旅游进一步发展的“瓶颈”。因此,必须增强全民的旅游信息意识,加强红色旅游企业及相关部门的信息化基础建设,从而最大限度地发挥信息化在红色旅游发展过程中的作用。     

论民族旅游发展中的民族文化失真与保护

旅游业的发展在促进民族地区社会经济发展的同时,也给民族文化带来了一些消极影响。其中民族文化的失真是民族旅游发展最突出的问题,主要表现在:民族文化的同化、商品化、庸俗化、价值观的蜕变、文化传承的断层、民族文化环境"原生土壤"遭到破坏和开发的模式化等方面。应该根据民族地区的具体情况,采用民俗博物馆、民族文化村、生态博物馆和"前台、帷幕、后台"功能分区模式,对民族文化加以保护。     

"假日经济"与中国旅游福利计划

2000年,中国成为全球第五大国际旅游接待国,并形成了全球最大的国内旅游市场,正在由旅游大国向旅游强国迈进.其中,为繁荣国内旅游市场立下汗马功劳的"假日旅游",已经发展成为我国"假日经济"的重要表现形式,它的形成和发展,为我国逐步实行"旅游福利计划"创造了市场机遇,开拓了发展空间.     

香格里拉民族生态旅游的设计与实践--来自云南省中甸县霞给村的研究报告

生态旅游是未来旅游业发展的方向,民族生态旅游接待示范村是生态旅游开发的一种有效途径.中甸霞给村的开发模式,既能让旅游者饱览丰富的自然生态景观,又能欣赏到浓郁的民族风情,领略悠久的历史文化,同时还能有效地保护生态环境,使当地的居民在经济上得到收益.     

充分发挥兴安在大桂林旅游圈的作用

兴安是大桂林旅游圈一颗璀璨的明珠,应当以建设试验区为契机,拉长桂林旅游的链条,充分发挥兴安在大桂林旅游圈的作用：引导游客探寻漓江源头的神奇和美丽;来兴安进行文化寻根访迹;上猫儿山体验瑶族风情;体验兴安的农家乐休闲旅游;开展工业旅游;进行高尔夫休闲度假游;举行有纪念意义的婚礼;在兴安休闲度假养生养老。     

桂林旅游综合改革试验区的城市安全问题评析

作为国家旅游综合改革试验区,桂林的城市安全问题值得关注。应加强桂林山水文化元素的保护,其中尤应加强对桂林水生态、郊野环境、人居空气环境以及交通环境安全的维护,采取切实措施,保护桂林城市发展安全。