新疆网络舆情监测面临的困境及对策

信息时代,网络舆情工作成为影响社会持续发展、维护社会和谐稳定的重要因素。在新疆,网络舆情直接关系到民族团结、社会稳定和长治久安。多种迹象表明,网络已成为各种敌对势力对新疆意识形态领域渗透的重要隐形手段,网络舆情工作面临着很大困境。应因势利导,提高网络舆情信息的分析、引导能力,及时准确地把握新疆地区的社会舆情动态。     

“金新月”毒品对新疆走私渗透总体态势

随着阿富汗鸦片产量的大幅增长，境内外贩毒集团互相勾连，有组织有预谋地开辟通往新疆的国际贩毒通道，形成了境外指挥、中亚渗透、新疆中转、粤沪集散的格局，其毒品入境活动呈现多渠道、隐蔽化、专业化和国际化等特点。来自“金新月”地区的毒品对新疆的威胁正在迅速超越传统的“金三角”地区，新疆禁毒工作面临着巨大考验和挑战。     

绵羊慢病毒北疆株自然感染新疆美利奴羊的研究

选１２只自然感染绵羊慢病毒（ＯｖＬＶ）的成年新疆美利奴羊，用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散（ＡＧＩＤ）试验连续检查血清中ＯｖＬＶ沉淀抗体，发现抗体应答的类型发生转换，即只出现对病毒核心蛋白抗原（如ｐ２５）的抗体（外线）、出现对病毒包膜糖蛋白（ｇｐ１３５）的抗体（内线），同时出现对ｐ２５和ｇｐ１３５二者的抗体（双线）互相转换。从试验羊的多个器官中分离到３株ＯｖＬＶ，分别命名为ＯｖＬＶＮＸＪ５５，ＮＸＪ７３和ＮＸＪ０４１８株，其ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ值依次为１×１０－５．６，１×１０－５．４和１×１０－４．５。剖检的６例均有淋巴细胞性乳腺炎，其中２例同时有淋巴滤泡形成，病变率为１００％。肺无淋巴细胞性间质性肺炎病变，２例肺内有淋巴滤泡形成。脑、滑膜无ＯｖＬＶ感染的特异性病变。所有试验羊未发生任何与ＯｖＬＶ感染有关的临床症状。结果表明，乳腺是对ＯｖＬＶ最敏感的靶器官，ＯｖＬＶ北疆株为弱毒株，新疆美利奴羊是对ＯｖＬＶ的低敏性品种。     

新疆北疆地区青少年犯罪社会成因分析

新疆北疆地区的青少年在犯罪类型特征与趋势上表现为以侵财型犯罪、涉性犯罪为主的特点;在犯罪总体特征与趋势上表现为低龄化、少女犯罪日益突出的特点。北疆地区青少年犯罪的成因:经济体制的转轨和社会财富分配不均是青少年犯罪的经济诱因;社会联系纽带弱化是青少年犯罪的人文诱因;公民道德建设的缺失是青少年犯罪的精神诱因;社区预防和矫正机制与司法运作衔接不畅是青少年犯罪的制度诱因。     

南疆青少年犯罪原因探析及预防对策

随着社会的快速发展,我国政府密切关注青少年犯罪并出台了相应的政策来预防青少年犯罪,但青少年犯罪态势依然较为严峻,成为国家治理的一大难题。青少年是国家的未来,加强对青少年犯罪及原因实证研究,并提出针对性对策尤为重要。以新疆南疆青少年为研究对象,通过资料分析法和实证调研法研究发现:影响南疆青少年犯罪的因素包括家庭环境、经济条件、学校教育和社会风气。为此,国家及有关部门可以加大对南疆地区的扶贫力度、创新社会管理制度、鼓励家庭教育和学校教育并重及加强司法机构与社区监督机制,以防控青少年犯罪。     

南疆深度贫困地区扶贫立法中免于贫困权利的保障

免于贫困权利的保障不足是贫困问题尚未得到有效解决的主要原因。南疆深度贫困地区是新疆全区脱贫攻坚的主战场,应集中力量推进脱贫攻坚工作。目前,新疆为打赢“南疆深度贫困地区”脱贫攻坚战制定并颁布了在保障免于贫困权利方面具有一定理论合理性和实际进步性的地方性扶贫法规,有效保障了相关权利。但是,为了更好地保障免于贫困的权利,仍需积极探索中央和地方相结合的扶贫立法,及时推动保障免于贫困权利的综合性扶贫立法及制定免于贫困权利保障的操作性程序。     

Embedded rubber sandals: trade and gifts across the Sino–Kyrgyz border

How does a group of Uyghur traders from a village in Atush (Xinjiang, China) end up with a stock of unsellable rubber sandals in Kadamjay (Batken, Kyrgyzstan), and why don’t they compete according to market principles? This article explores the social investments of the traders and their families, and reveals their behaviour to be rational, both economically and socially. It illuminates the business and daily life of Uyghur traders in southern Kyrgyzstan, an environment that is increasingly challenging and uncertain. The examination of exchange relations between their households explains why the traders cooperate as they do and also why they do not cooperate more. Economic rationales and social obligations prove to be mutually embedded. This insight expands and deepens a nascent analytical approach that recognizes social motivation for economic activities in Central Asia alongside undeniable economic incentives. This approach has much to gain from being more explicitly reconnected to classical anthropological theories of gift giving.     

‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang

ABSTRACT

Since spring 2017, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China has witnessed the emergence of an unprecedented re-education campaign. According to media and informant reports, untold thousands of Uyghurs and other Muslims have been and are being detained in clandestine political re-education facilities, with major implications for society, local economies and ethnic relations. Considering that the Chinese state is currently denying the very existence of these facilities, this paper investigates publicly available evidence from official sources, including government websites, media reports and other Chinese internet sources. First, it briefly charts the history and present context of political re-education. Second, it looks at the recent evolution of re-education in Xinjiang in the context of ‘de-extremification’ work. Finally, it evaluates detailed empirical evidence pertaining to the present re-education drive. With Xinjiang as the ‘core hub’ of the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing appears determined to pursue a definitive solution to the Uyghur question.     

CHINA’S ‘POLITICAL RE-EDUCATION’ CAMPS OF XINJIANG’S UYGHUR MUSLIMS

Recently, reports have emerged that China operates “political re-education” camps of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang. China justified them as a sort of vocational training program to assist Uyghurs in participating in the Chinese economy. In actuality, they are brutal incarceration camps; these forms of ‘education’ can qualify as torture that perhaps 1.5 million adults have been subjected to, and have led to detaining children of people incarcerated in state-run boarding schools. It is necessary to interrogate the underlying factors that have enabled the Chinese government to open and operate these camps under the guise of education. This paper first examines the impact of the current geopolitical interests of China's Belt & Road Initiative and the historical backgrounds of Xinjiang and the Re-Education through Labour program. It then explains the methods of ‘education’ taking place within the camps and interrogates China's justifications for building them. This education issue is more about inhibiting Uyghur power than China's claim that the camps are meant to empower Uyghurs to participate in the Chinese labour force.     

国族内的“他者”:战时新疆族群书写与国族建构

抗战时期,为了强化新疆各族群对中华民族共同体的认同,国人一方面引进新兴的民族学、社会学知识,来描述、辨识这些国族内的"他者";另一方面又通过对西北各族群的族源历史与文化特征的书写,强调其与汉族在文化与血缘上的历史纽带与融合,并指出应融合各族群文化共同建构中华民族新文化;最终,提出经由新疆的现代化开发促使新疆走上现代化道路,缩小与其它地区在政治、经济、文化上的差距,进一步增强中华民族的凝聚力。