论我国经济贸易仲裁机构制度的改革与完善

在国际商事仲裁立法理论与实践上,仲裁机构不仅包括常设仲裁机构,而且也包括临时仲裁机构。我国现行仲裁法并未就临时仲裁作出规定,这是我国在立法制度上的缺憾。认为,随着经济全球化和国际服务贸易的发展,为了在对等原则上通过仲裁方式解决国际经济贸易合同争议,我国仲裁法应当承认临时仲裁在我国仲裁制度中的法律地位。     

中国现代史学发展史上的重要篇章——正确评价建国后十七年史学成就

认真辨析和总结建国后十七年史学成就,不仅关系到正确认识中国现代史学发展的道路,澄清人们存在的严重误解,而且关系到认清当前史学发展的方向。本文试从通史、断代史、专史研究的成就,对重大历史问题认识的推进,整理出版大型历史文献的巨大成绩,学科建设取得的显著进展等四个方面进行初步的总结。     

论过失犯罪中的注意义务

过失犯罪从意志因素上说表现为行为人不履行其应当履行的注意义务。注意义务是我国刑法规定的“应当预见”的另一层涵义。注意义务是过失理论中一个比较重要的问题 ,本文拟就注意义务的内容、注意义务的渊源、注意义务的履行三方面作一探讨。     

从奥特克案看外国临时仲裁裁决在我国的承认与执行

德国奥特克公司向我国法院申请承认与执行由临时仲裁庭在伦敦做出的仲裁裁决的案例,不仅涉及临时仲裁机构裁决的法律效力及其在我国的承认与执行问题,还涉及包括临时仲裁机构与常设仲裁机构裁决的效力、含有仲裁条款的合同与仲裁协议的成立时间、仲裁条款独立原则在仲裁与审判实践中的解释以及如何确定国际商事仲裁程序的适用法律等有关仲裁的基本理论与实践问题。对这些问题的探究有助于解决临时仲裁庭仲裁裁决在我国的承认与执行问题。     

Difference, Disparity, and Race/Ethnic Bias in Federal Sentencing

Federal sentencing guidelines were enacted to reduce unwarranted disparities in sentencing. In this paper we examine the degree to which disparity in sentencing on the basis of race and ethnicity occurred in federal sentencing after the guidelines were implemented. We consider how much of the disparity is explained by offense-related factors as specified in the guidelines. We find that African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans receive relatively harsher sentences than whites and that these differentials are only partly explained by offense-related characteristics. We interpret our findings in light of attribution, uncertainty avoidance, and conflict theories.     

Prisons,Proportionality and Recent Penal History

A leading aim of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 was to install the principle of proportionality as the primary rationale for sentencing and to bring about a reduction in the use of imprisonment.  In the decade that followed the prison population in England and Wales rose steeply.  This article examines the reasons for the rising use of prison, in order to assess whether proportionality (or ‘just deserts’) was tried and failed.  It argues that in practice the proportionality principle was overwhelmed by other influences, and that deterrence and incapacitation were the main drivers of the increasing use of imprisonment.  The article goes on to argue that proportionality theories have within them the resources to produce penal moderation, notably the ‘drowning out’ argument, the human rights argument, and decrementalism.  The article concludes by rejecting the claim that proportionality theories are likely in practice to result in escalating punishment.     

Guardians Ad Litem and Children's Attorneys in Arizona: A Qualitative Examination of the Roles

An ongoing debate exists with little research support concerning the differences in the roles of guardians ad litem (GAL) and children's attorneys (CA) in dependency cases. Through qualitative interviews, this study examined GALs’ and CAs’ perceptions and execution of roles. Both executed their roles similarly and agreed the best interests of the child and the child's wishes are important. Shared goals included child safety, ensuring the child's voice is heard, keeping the family together, and minimizing the distress to the child. Challenges to executing their roles were often systemic, including overwhelmed courts and lack of community resources to serve clients’ needs.     

对临时仲裁制度的法律思考

临时仲裁协议以及裁决的效力承认与否,直接影响到当事人权利义务关系能否实现,因此从法律上思考研究临时仲裁制度具有十分重要的意义。本文对临时仲裁的历史沿革及其优劣进行了总结,结合《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》、《联合国国际商事仲裁示范法》及商事仲裁制度发达国家的立法规定及实践做法等,在我国现行的仲裁立法只规定机构仲裁的情况下,对我国临时仲裁制度的法律渊源、相关实践以及由此对民事主体的权利影响作一探讨,并对临时仲裁制度在我国的发展趋势作一分析。     

处置群体性事件联合行动论纲

随着信息技术的革新,社会秩序管理活动应当尽快适应信息时代所需的组织结构与控制方式。在这一语境下,群体性事件处置方式也应由合成走向联合,在群体性事件现场的不同区域,应有多个具有相对独立行动能力的警种、警队组、群众工作组等处置力量,并能按照统一的行动企图,以平等的关系,自成模块,共同实施自主性较强的协同行动。按照行动性质可区分为联合防控行动和联合强制行动;按照行动力量的组合形态可分为以专业防暴警种为主体的联合行动,以群众工作组或其他专项警队组为主体的联合行动。同时要把握好联合行动的特点和处置原则。     

走出仲裁的单一化－我国建立临时仲裁制度之思考

临时仲裁有着悠久的历史 ,其在解决各种经济贸易纠纷中起着重要作用。世界上绝大多数国家以及相关的国际公约都既有机构仲裁又有临时仲裁制度 ,中国却只有机构仲裁 ,对临时仲裁较陌生。本文在对两者进行剖析比较的基础上指出我国建立临时仲裁制度之必要性和可行性 ,以期引起共鸣。