《新时代公民道德建设实施纲要》的新义解读－－基于两个《纲要》比较的研究

《新时代公民道德建设实施纲要》立足于中国特色社会主义新时代的历史背景,阐释了公民道德建设的诸多新义：结合中国特色社会主义新时代的社会转型背景阐释了当代中国公民道德建设的新形势下,实现中华优秀传统道德文化的创新性现代转化开掘其世界意义的文化使命;在公民道德建设的内容方面,阐明了个人品德作为公民道德建设第四个着力点的必要性及个人品德建设中的实践问题;在实践举措方面,提出了全学科、全过程、全阵地的道德教育理念;阐明了社会新媒介化态势下公民道德建设的新任务;加强网络空间道德建设与道德领域热点问题的引导。在公共政策的设计、制定和实施执行方面,明确了公共政策的道德要求,提出了加强对公共政策道德风险与道德效果评估的新要求。     

林业领域职务犯罪调查标准细化与路径指引

当前,林业领域职务犯罪呈现多样性、复杂性、隐蔽性的发展态势。随着监察委员会调查、检察机关起诉、法院审判新机制的建立,对林业领域职务犯罪的调查模式必须进行检视。在调查标准上,要进一步明确相关规定,细化罪名与立案标准。在调查路径上,要实现主动型调查,建立和完善调查机制,运用信息化科技手段,使用司法会计检查和鉴定技术方法,实现由证促审、证供互动,不断提升调查能力,进而提升打击林业领域职务犯罪的效能,形成对该类犯罪的高压态势。     

Knowledge of Brahman as a solution to fear in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa/Br̥hadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad

In The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James suggests that the human experience of a fundamental and existential uneasiness can be found at the core of most religious traditions, and that these traditions constiute essentially a proposed solution to this uneasiness. The present investigation focuses upon the notion of uneasiness, particularly fear, and its solution in the early Hindu tradition. Through a close examination of textual expressions of both desire and fear from the R̥gveda, the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, and the Br̥hadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, it is proposed that “liberation” in the early Upaniṣadic period, or at least the precursor to the traditional notion of liberation, actually meant freedom from fear, rather than freedom from karma or saṁs̥ra. The Br̥hadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad suggests that the origin of duality is desire, and duality necessarily results in fear. By relinquishing the sorts of desires so frequently expressed in the earlier vedic literature, together with an understanding of the essentially non-dual relationship between the ātman and brahman, a state of complete freedom from fear (abhaya) may be achieved.     

Difference, Disparity, and Race/Ethnic Bias in Federal Sentencing

Federal sentencing guidelines were enacted to reduce unwarranted disparities in sentencing. In this paper we examine the degree to which disparity in sentencing on the basis of race and ethnicity occurred in federal sentencing after the guidelines were implemented. We consider how much of the disparity is explained by offense-related factors as specified in the guidelines. We find that African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans receive relatively harsher sentences than whites and that these differentials are only partly explained by offense-related characteristics. We interpret our findings in light of attribution, uncertainty avoidance, and conflict theories.     

对临时仲裁制度的法律思考

临时仲裁协议以及裁决的效力承认与否,直接影响到当事人权利义务关系能否实现,因此从法律上思考研究临时仲裁制度具有十分重要的意义。本文对临时仲裁的历史沿革及其优劣进行了总结,结合《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》、《联合国国际商事仲裁示范法》及商事仲裁制度发达国家的立法规定及实践做法等,在我国现行的仲裁立法只规定机构仲裁的情况下,对我国临时仲裁制度的法律渊源、相关实践以及由此对民事主体的权利影响作一探讨,并对临时仲裁制度在我国的发展趋势作一分析。     

VISITATION AND CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES

Fabricius and Braver argue that nonresident fathers incur appreciable visitation expenses and that their child support obligations should be reduced accordingly. To assess whether fathers incur "appreciable" expenses requires data from mothers and fathers on expenditures in dollar terms rather than data from college students on items kept in the nonresident father's house. The Fabricius and Braver data also overstate the degree to which all divorced fathers do anything for their children. Representative data indicate that father visitation declines substantially over time. Father's postdivorce, post–child support standard of living remains twice that of mothers and children. The cliff model—making adjustments for visitation only in the rare cases of very high shared physical custody—is sensible policy.     

The principle of security safeguards: Unauthorized activities

The principle of information security safeguards is a key information privacy principle contained in every privacy legislation measure, framework, and guideline. This principle requires data controllers to use an adequate level of safeguards before processing personal information. However, privacy literature neither explains what this adequate level is nor how to achieve it. Hence, a knowledge gap has been created between privacy advocates and data controllers who are responsible for providing adequate protection. This paper takes a step toward bridging this knowledge gap by presenting an analysis of how Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners have evaluated the adequacy level of security protection measures given to personal information in selected privacy invasive cases. This study addresses both security measures used to protect personal information against unauthorized activities and the use of personal information in authentication mechanisms. This analysis also lays a foundation for building a set of guidelines that can be used by data controllers for designing, implementing, and operating both technological and organizational measures used to protect personal information.     

中日韩东亚共同体构想指导思想比较

中日韩对建立东亚共同体达成共识后,各界对东亚共同体的前景并不乐观。从各国关于东亚共同体构想的指导思想上看,日本是为了摆脱对美国的依赖,应对中国崛起,提高本国在东亚的竞争力和影响力;韩国是为了摆脱夹在中国和日本之间的"三明治"地位;而中国更多地从"和谐世界"理念出发,为本国的发展创造和平的环境。尽管中日韩对东亚共同体的意义和作用有深刻认识,但三国指导思想的相互矛盾影响了三国的切实合作,同时,现存的领土问题、主导权之争、美国因素等都是现实障碍。因此,处理好中日韩与美日韩的关系,加强中日韩合作是推动东亚共同体获得进展的关键。     

中国现代史学发展史上的重要篇章——正确评价建国后十七年史学成就

认真辨析和总结建国后十七年史学成就,不仅关系到正确认识中国现代史学发展的道路,澄清人们存在的严重误解,而且关系到认清当前史学发展的方向。本文试从通史、断代史、专史研究的成就,对重大历史问题认识的推进,整理出版大型历史文献的巨大成绩,学科建设取得的显著进展等四个方面进行初步的总结。     

中国临时仲裁制度的具体设计

中国是否需要建立临时仲裁制度,目前学界和实务界已论战多时。本文从临时仲裁具体设计的角度出发,提出了临时仲裁在中国实施的若干设想,以期为临时仲裁的施行作有益的探讨。