Inclusive National Governance and Trafficked Women in Australia: Otherness and Local Demand

Trafficked women are used and consumed in different ways and by different users in Australia. They are used by the traffickers and by the consumer of the destination country. They are used as prosecutorial tools by the national criminal justice agents. They are used by the national politicians to pursue border control policy objectives and to be seen as abiding by international protocols. In all these uses, the identity of the trafficked woman is formed and shaped to fit the users’ need. However, these women’s otherness and abjection is constantly maintained and reinforced. They are used as a commodity. Meanwhile, the discussion on the demand side, and the consequent responsibility of the destination country, is virtually omitted. This paper will raise the question of how the socio-legal analysis and discourse would evolve if a literal interpretation of trafficking women as a commodity was taken into account, exploring an international trade approach. The social construction of trafficked women as a commodity has been identified and criticised by academic scholars, NGOs’ and UN’s rapporteurs. By pursuing this line of approach, the destination country is forced to take more responsibility for how the woman is demanded within its territory. As a consequence of this international trade approach, the State should deliver equality and non-discrimination. Rather than being a cynical application of a trade framework to trafficked women, this approach aims to highlight the paradox of such a situation in legal terms. It is highlighted that approaching trafficked women from this legal and jurisprudential way may offer more possibilities to expand their claims against the State. Currently, in Australia, when a trafficked woman is located by the State, she would attract limited and temporal rights, her being the ‘other’ as well as an abject entity remains, notwithstanding the fact the she was imported because there is a demand within the territory.     

THE RELEVANCE OF PEACE TO STUDIES OF DRUG MARKET VIOLENCE*

Goldstein's (1985) concept of systemic violence has contributed substantially to criminological thought and research, but its power can be enhanced by connecting it to a broader typology of social life: the resource exchange—social control typology. That typology connects systemic violence logically with two important yet neglected forms of drug market behavior: peaceful resource exchange and peaceful social control. This article, which is based on 50 in‐depth interviews with individuals involved actively or recently in drug selling, describes the various forms of violent and nonviolent resource exchange and social control in illicit drug markets, stating them in quantitative terms that are conceptually distinct and empirically observable. We conclude by discussing 1) the implications of peaceful behavior for a fuller understanding of violence and 2) the relevance of the resource exchange‐social control typology to criminological theory and research.     

关于我市教育系统基层工会工作创新发展情况的调研报告

按照天津市总工会"创新发展年"的决策部署,今年年初以来,我市各级教育工会组织在创新发展上,实施了新举措,拓展了新途径,体现了新作为,并取得了新突破。针对尚存在的各项薄弱环节,今后拟从四个方面加以改进。     

WTO框架下我国对外贸易面临的障碍及战略选择

在WTO框架下,我国对外贸易面临的问题主要有:特定产品过渡性保障机制问题、反倾销应诉与我国非市场经济地位问题、贸易政策过渡性审议机制问题、国内出口欠退税问题等。为促进我国的对外贸易上一个新的台阶,我们应针对这些问题在发展战略、外部环境以及一些具体操作上,采取一系列积极的措施。     

直航形势下促进两岸农产品贸易增长的思考

该文分析了直航对两岸农产品贸易正常化发展的促进作用，认为直航有利于提高两岸农业经贸交流效率，有利于促进台湾地区农产品销往祖国大陆市场和改善两岸农产品贸易环境。在此基础上进一步分析直航后两岸农产品贸易仍需面对的问题，为促进两岸农产品发展应采取明确目标客户、尽快统一两岸检疫和减少对祖国大陆农产品进口限制等措施。     

16世纪东南中国海上走私贸易探析

16世纪,在环中国海贸易圈内,传统的贸易格局发生了根本性的变化,这时活跃在东亚贸易大舞台上的除了起主导作用的福建海商,还有新航路开辟后到达这里的葡萄牙人以及日本人,中国东南沿海地区的海洋社会经济逐渐被纳入到近代世界经济体系中去,环中国海贸易圈出现了激烈动荡的局面。     

海峡两岸经合框架协议若干法律问题新探

海峡两岸经合框架协议（ECFA）的内容实质就是区域贸易协定/自由贸易区协定,这一点应与法律性质问题区分开来讨论。立足于大陆立场,ECFA法律性质仍应定位于＂行政合作型区际协议＂。从WTO相关条文的模糊性及成员实践来看,部门涵盖度与过渡期限问题在现实中并不会成为ECFA的法律障碍,而且两岸尚可考虑向WTO申请特别豁免,因此无违反WTO规则之忧,台方亦不必过虑＂10年90%＂。ECFA后续自由化谈判应本着互惠双赢的精神稳步进行,而不宜单纯追求协议形式。     

跨越技术性贸易壁垒的制度创新体系建设——基于福建企业的思考

技术性贸易壁垒措施的动态变化，要求应对主体不断地进行制度创新，作出正确的应对选择。越来越多的技术性贸易壁垒已给福建出口带来严峻挑战，通过制度创新，着力构建跨越技术性贸易壁垒的制度创新体系，是推进福建企业发展、提升企业国际竞争力、跨越技术性贸易壁垒最强有力的利器。     

工商行业规范与清代非正式法——以会馆碑刻为中心的考察

工商会馆碑是清代行业规范的重要载体,而行业规范又是中国传统非正式法体系的重要组成部分。数以百记的清代工商会馆碑刻,记载着行业公产保护、行业准入与自律自治、同业互助救济与应急救援等事宜的规范内容。透过这些静态的碑文,我们可以看到清代城市社会中非正式法的形成与运作机制,以及清代工商行业与社会、工商组织与业者个体、非正式法与正式法之间,相互依存、冲突、妥协的动态演进规律。     

劳工标准的决定：中国的实证分析

本文通过实证分析，认为发展中国家劳工标准的高低，是同其生产力发展水平相一致的。因此，发达国家不能要求发展中国家在现有的生产力水平的基础上提高劳工标准。