Learning,Negotiating, and Surviving in Child Welfare: Social Capitalization Among Recently Hired Workers

In the child welfare workplace, accessible relationships and support, although understudied, are vital to worker success. Using telephone interviews with a statewide sample of recently hired, frontline workers (N = 38), this study applied a social capital framework to consider support functionality or capitalization. Findings highlight that, although nearly all workers recognized the importance of instrumental and expressive support, many workers did not capitalize on support. Agencies may benefit from an atmosphere focused on collective interests rather than individual survival. Policy can promote supportive atmospheres through providing agencies with the ability and time to foster recently hired workers’ skills.     

Capitalizing on Criminal Accomplices: Considering the Relationship between Co-offending and Illegal Earnings

This study investigates whether co-offending offers an avenue towards criminal success. Specifically, it considers if current and prior co-offending experience is related to the probability of reporting illegal earnings as well as the amount of these earnings. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, we estimated fixed-and random-effects models to test whether co-offending experience is related to self-reported illegal earnings. The models also estimated whether “historical” co-offending experience predicted current illegal earnings. Across both modeling strategies, current and historical co-offending predicted the probability of reporting non-zero illegal earnings, net of offending frequency and controls. There is minimal evidence of a relationship between co-offending experience and the amount of illegal earnings, however. These findings lead us to conclude that access to a relatively common criminal connection—the co-offender—offers tangible benefits to adolescent offenders, primarily by affecting their ability to translate criminal opportunities into monetary gain.     

Criminal defense and judicial sentencing in China's death penalty cases

Drawing upon 503 cases of violent and drug crimes involving the death penalty from three intermediate courts in China, this study explores various defense arguments, their acceptance rates, and factors that influence judicial sentencing. Our findings reveal that offenders’ post-crime good behaviors are most likely to be accepted by the court, thus helping offenders obtain suspended death penalty. In contrast, being charged with multiple violent crimes and the weight of narcotics in drug crimes are two significant factors related to an increased likelihood of receiving immediate death penalty. This article provides more empirical evidence about mitigating and aggravating circumstances considered in capital sentencing, and supports that private lawyers are not different from court appointed lawyers in China's capital defense. China's current system seemingly leaves little room for defense lawyers to make creative contributions.     

The Courts in a Fragmented Criminal Justice System

The U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson in 1967 outlined a central role for courts in the criminal justice system. That role, however, has been somewhat diminished by the dominance of plea bargaining and the legislative enactment of mandatory minimum sentences that limit judges’ discretion. At the same time, judges have become more involved in specialized courts dealing in cases involving drugs and mental illness. A major topic of concern is the lower courts, which in many areas have changed little since the 1960s Commission. In those places, the traditional adversary process is not operating well, with many defendants pleading guilty unnecessarily in a system that may be designed primarily to collect fees. In violent crime cases, the imposition of capital punishment remains a controversial issue for states that is not likely to be resolved by a new national commission. The central court functions of sentencing and overseeing plea bargains are discussed elsewhere in this volume.     

当代银行资本监管理论及其新进展

银行业作为世界上监管最严的行业之一,其资本在保持银行稳健和风险承担方面所起的作用,以及在银行公司治理中所起的作用,使得对银行资本监管尤其重要。为了实现合理和有效的资本监管,银行内部风险资本模型和有效监管当局的审查相结合这种模式将是银行资本监管的趋势,市场约束将处于相对次要的地位。     

我国当前社区警务建设中出现的问题和对策

社区警务确切地说,是起源于中国,而不是西方国家。它有一个产生、发展的过程,目前尚不成熟,没有形成一套完整的体系。当前,我国社区警务建设中出现了一些问题。针对出现的问题,笔者提出了一些对策。     

浅议我国公司资本制度

资本制度是公司制度的重中之重,它不仅涉及公司本身,更与整个经济的发展休戚相关.在我国公司资本制度的选择上,近年来一直存在着法定资本制、折衷资本制和授权资本制之争.本文拟从三大资本制度的介绍入手,通过分析我国公司资本制度的现状来探讨其发展方向:折衷资本制应是立法发展趋势,但在目前现实经济生活中尚需缓行.     

略论市场经济条件下金融业腐败的应对策略

社会主义市场经济条件下的金融行业腐败不容忽视.防范和惩治金融业腐败的基本的思路是,在社会主义市场经济体制下,建立和完善金融法律体系,加大对金融犯罪的打击力度;进一步建设和完善金融行业内控体系;加强对金融行业从业者的教育.最根本的途径是消除金融业腐败的制度根源.     

论韩国迁都之区域均衡发展政策涵义

韩国新政府正以国家首要大事之一来促进迁都政策。其主要背景是 ,过去尽管政府并举促进地方的发展和抑制首都圈的规模膨胀政策 ,但是未能有效地促进区域均衡发展 ,首都圈规模膨胀不止 ,区域发展问题不减。而其主要构想是通过迁都根除人口乃至各种要素和职能向首都圈过度集中的机制 ,改变首都圈在规划发展上的被动局面 ,打破把汉城乃至首都圈当作中心而地方当作边缘的传统观念 ,从而有力地促进区域均衡发展。韩国的迁都政策实践乃至过去区域均衡发展政策实践之教训值得借鉴。     

日、美、欧电力市场化改革分析

90年代以来 ,为了适应电力全球化趋势 ,日、美、欧各国实行了多种模式的电力市场化改革。改革的目标是要打破垄断 ,引入竞争机制 ,提高效率 ,降低电价。实现改革目标的基本途径 ,一是对电力工业国有资本实行民营化 ,出售给股民或外国公司等 ;二是打破独家垄断经营 ,培育市场竞争主体 ,建立竞争性电力市场。经济学中对自然垄断的研究是电力市场化改革的理论基础。