道路交通安全管理创新研究

当前,交通安全成为人们普遍关注的焦点,道路交通安全管理创新要多角度、全方位开展安全隐患排查和治理工作,确保道路交通健康运行;实行综合警务改革,创新道路交通管理勤务方式;加强智能交通建设,创新道路交通管理手段;加快规范化进程,体现非现场执法的效用。     

论政府社会治安综合治理工作系统之优化——从《治安管理处罚法》第6条规定谈起

《治安管理处罚法》第6条规定要求各级人民政府加强社会治安综合治理。政府现行的社会治安综合治理工作系统是彼此负相关增强系统,其此涨彼消、彼消此涨、归责在外、推诿指责的系统运行特征不能适应社会治安综合治理工作改革发展的要求。建立、完善正相关工作机制,将彼此负相关增强系统改造为彼此正负相关调节系统,是优化政府社会治安综合治理工作系统、改革完善社会治安综合治理工作系统必不可少的任务。     

Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Profiles of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Based on Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS)*

Abstract: The chemical profiling of illicit drugs is an important analytical tool to support the work of investigating and law enforcement authorities. In our work, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOFMS) combined with nontargeted, pixel‐based data analysis was adapted for the chemical profiling of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The validity and benefit of this approach was evaluated by analyzing a well‐investigated set of MDMA samples. Samples were prepared according to a harmonized extraction protocol to ensure the comparability of the chemical signatures. The nontargeted approach comprises preprocessing followed by analysis of variances as a fast filter algorithm for selection of a variable subset followed by partial least squares discriminant analysis for reduction to promising marker compounds for discrimination of the samples according to their chemical profile. Forty‐seven potential marker compounds were determined, covering most of the target impurities known from the harmonized one‐dimensional profiling as well as other compounds not previously elucidated.     

足弓破坏法医临床学鉴定的影像学理论与实践

足弓破坏是现行GB18667-2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准针对足损伤后伤残等级评定特别给出的命名,临床与法医学界对此问题的阐述尚较少见,有必要在实践工作的基础上加以总结。足在纵、横方向上形成凸向上方的弓形外观,分别为内侧纵弓、外侧纵弓及横弓。足弓作用主要在于吸收震荡,起到保护作用,具备静态与动态两种态势。足弓可借鉴静态体重负荷下X线摄足弓侧位片进行测量。足损伤致跗、跖骨骨折愈合后足弓X线测量值背离临床医学足弓正常参考值和/或维持足弓功能作用的肌肉、韧带严重损伤,可谓足弓破坏。足弓骨性构架的动力结构内侧纵弓或承载负重的外侧纵弓中任意一个破坏,必定影响横弓,符合一足足弓结构破坏1/3以上的限定要件;而内侧纵弓及外侧纵弓均破坏,横弓必定破坏,符合一足足弓结构破坏的限定要件。     

北京周边水域冬季常见硅藻的初步调查

目的初步探索建立北京地区硅藻数据库的方法。方法在北京地区5个自然主要水系和7个局部水域,选取17处采水点,在12月～3月份提取水样,通过形态特征辨识硅藻的属、种,根据镜下单位面积数量统计出不同属、种的硅藻在北京地区的地域分布特点。结果北京地区5个主要自然水系,硅藻种类检出12种,但属类只有3种;局部水域的硅藻种类检出有11种,属类多达7种,其它大多数水域每一处只有1种硅藻。结论目前硅藻的检验仍不失为一种行之有效的区别溺死与死后入水尸体的方法。     

越级上访产生的原因及其治理

《信访条例》第4条明确规定,信访工作应当坚持分级负责等原则。分级负责原则说明,上访必须按程序进行,遵循“逐级上访”的原则,而不能“越级上访”,越级上访不利于解决问题。之所以会产生越级上访的现象,原因很复杂,但主要原因在于一些地方政府对访民不重视、信访机制运行不畅等。因此,治理越级上访,需要推进信访体制改革,破解越级上访的症结;坚决贯彻落实信访责任追究制度;树立法治权威,建设法治社会;提升信访等政府部门治理与善治的能力与水平。     

Between conflict management and role conflict: the EU in the Libyan crisis

This paper assesses the role of the European Union in the Libyan crisis (2011) and critically considers the implications for its evolution as an international security actor. Employing role theory, the paper reviews the historical development of the Union's security actorness and sheds specific light on the balance between self-conception and external expectations in the case of the Libyan crisis. Its central argument is that, despite external expectations and European narratives of a ‘comprehensive power role’, the Libyan crisis showed that the Union still acts in line with its traditional role as a civilian power. The inability to go beyond civilian power stemmed from internal dissonance on a potential hard power role and a corresponding lack of material capabilities. The growing gap between expectations about comprehensive actorness on the one hand and performance on the other is likely to damage the Union's future credibility as an international security actor.     

民法视野下的人体法益构造——以人体物性的科技利用为背景

近现代民法体系所持的"人体为主体人格之一部"的立场系建立在传统人物两分理论基础之上,该理论虽有助于彰显人的主体价值和尊严,但在处理因人的活体、尸体、离体组织和基因的科技利用所生法律问题上,已显现出部分失灵和易加剧人体物性利用与人性尊严保障之间价值冲突的不足。人与物或人格与财产的区分并非绝对不容许因应时代变迁而作必要修正。通过逻辑的、价值的、实践的和法释义学的综合考量,理论上可以得出,有限地承认人体为物,并将"人体财产权"和人类作为物种享有的"类的人性尊严"纳入到人体法益构造体系之中,能较好地克服以上不足。在以公序良俗原则限制人体或其一部的利用和处分时,应建立和实践"人性尊严关联度原则"。     

The Successful Recovery of Low Copy Number and Degraded DNA from Bones Exposed to Seawater Suitable for Generating a DNA STR Profile

A universal method allowing for DNA profiling from bones exposed to seawater has not been reported yet. This study refers on the identification of a body immersed in seawater for 8 months. The biological material for identification was the mandibular body, usually characterized by low success rates of DNA analysis. Initially, two extraction protocols were performed with negative results: one used for bones immersed in fresh water and a silica‐column procedure. A third protocol was performed, which combined the extraction of a higher amount of bone powder, the use of multi‐silica‐based extraction columns followed by a concentration step. This protocol allowed to obtain low copy number DNA and to generate a 12‐loci STR profile by combining conventional STR typing and mini‐STR technologies. This protocol could be suitable when human bones have been exposed to severe environmental conditions, and the available nuclear DNA is highly degraded and in low copy number.     

现代诉讼的本质:全面理性的规范沟通

纠纷的成因是交往失败,而诉讼是重新交往解决纠纷的一种方式。将诉讼置于交往视野下,诉讼的沟通性便得以显现。无论是民事、行政还是刑事诉讼,均渗透着立足言语、实现主体间沟通的理念。诉讼通过外在规范特性保证主体间的沟通顺利进行,没有建制化程序的外在保障,沟通难以成效。诉讼的内在规范性是对诉讼规范性内涵的丰富,是一种内在的交往预设程序。经过对规范价值的内在化,诉讼交往主体形成自我约束,对诉讼规则、交往预设自愿主动承受,促进共识的实现和纠纷的解决。可以说,现代诉讼克服了传统职权主义模式或者当事人主义模式的片面理性,追求客观世界、主观世界和规范世界相融通的全面理性,保障司法公正、令人信服司法,达到司法真正权威。因此,诉讼区别于其他纠纷解决机制的最大不同,在于诉讼的本质是全面理性的规范沟通。