Body Transportation after Homicides: Offender and Offense Characteristics

Body transportation is defined as moving the body of the victim from the scene of a homicide to another location. We analyzed data on 513 South Korean homicide cases with convictions to compare 104 homicides involving the transportation of victims’ bodies with 409 homicides that did not. Offenders who transported their victims’ bodies were significantly younger and more likely to be related to the victims and were less likely to use sharp instruments and more likely to use blunt instruments or strangle the victims than offenders who did not. Victims of homicide involving body transportation were more likely to suffer injuries to the neck and head and less likely to suffer injuries to the torso. Finally, offenders who transported victims’ bodies were more likely to have planned the offense and destroyed evidence. The present findings have practical implications for police investigations.     

Informativeness of NGS Analysis for Vaginal Fluid Identification

The identification of vaginal fluids in forensic examinations plays an important role in crime scene reconstruction. Molecular detection of vaginal bacterial communities can lead to the correct discrimination of body fluids. These kinds of studies can be performed through multiplex real‐time PCR using primers for a specific selection of bacteria. The availability of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) protocols provided for the extension of the analysis to evaluate the prokaryotes present in specimens. In this study, DNA was extracted from 18 samples (vaginal, oral, fecal, yoghurt) and analyzed by real‐time PCR and NGS. The comparison between the two approaches has demonstrated that the information developed through NGS can augment the more conventional real‐time PCR detection of a few key bacterial species to provide a more probative result and the correct identification of vaginal fluid from samples that are more forensically challenged.     

刑法方法理论的若干基本问题

刑法方法与具体问题相联系,属于刑法学研究的内容;刑法方法论与世界观相联系,一般地属于法理学研究的内容。每一种方法都有自己的功能,也有自己的局限性,仅仅使用一种方法是无法完整地研究刑法学的。在现代刑法理论的构建中,比较研究方法是值得我国学者特别重视的方法,体系性方法是最重要的方法之一,刑法理想对刑法方法的选择具有根本性的指引作用。从总体上说,综合的方法才是最好的刑法方法。     

国家紧急权宪法条款设计之若干核心问题探讨--以德国法为经验

在国家紧急权力发动的具体情形、由谁决定紧急状态的存在以及对紧急权力的监督等关于紧急权力宪法条款设计的要件规范、主体规范和保障规范三个核心问题上,德国从1919年的《威玛宪法》到1968年的《基本法》,经历了从概括条款之立法到列举条款之立法,从独任制之立法到合议制之立法,从监督能力欠缺之立法到监督能力维持之立法的转变。我国宪法修正案中的紧急权力条款则存在要件规范和监督规范之缺损和主体规范之空泛等缺陷。借鉴德国的立法经验,从要件规范、主体规范和保障规范等方面完善我国紧急权力宪法条款之设计。     

商事登记制度的立法完善

在我国市场经济发展的现阶段,法典意义上的"民商分立"既无可能,亦无必要。由于我国缺乏商法的传统,在商法明显的国际化与统一化的趋向下,制定《商事通则》亦是困难重重。在我国商事立法进程中,当务之急是制定一部统一的《商事登记法》。商事登记法作为商事立法的重要组成部分,体现着商法营利性的核心理念,应当以效率与安全作为立法的基本价值取向。同时在立法中应注意一些具体问题,如商事主体的确认,注册登记与营业登记的分离以及商事登记机关责任的强化等。     

以目的为主的综合刑法

迄今为止刑法经历了三种历史形态 ,即农业社会的具体刑法或实质刑法 ,工业社会的抽象刑法或形式刑法 ,知识社会的以目的为主的综合刑法。近代刑法并不是一种独立的历史形态 ,它是对工业社会抽象刑法的修正。由于知识社会以综合性、目的性为基本特征 ,相应地 ,知识社会的刑法也显现为一种以目的为主的综合刑法。以目的为主意味着刑法理念的深刻变化 ,突出表现为正义的目的化与效率的目的化。综合刑法主要体现为刑法内部不同理念、制度的综合和刑法外部刑法与其他法律、制度的综合。     

论制宪权的概念--兼论中国历史上的几次立宪活动

制宪权是宪法制定和运行的前提 ,但传统制宪权理论并未准确揭示其权力属性、内涵和外延。根据制宪权的性质可以判定 :制宪权形成的条件包括国家政治统一、制宪过程民主、以立宪为直接目的等 ,而且制宪权的关键在“定”而非“制”,即制宪权作为一种权力的本质内涵在于能够使宪法产生规范效力。与此相适应 ,制宪权主体构成在体制上可分单一制和复合制两种 ,在具体形态上则更为复杂多样。     

中国综合减灾立法体系研究

本文阐述了建立《综合减灾法》的背景 ,探讨了《综合减灾法》的作用。在国外综合减灾立法的基础上 ,全面探讨了中国《综合减灾法》的编研框架