我国商业银行信用风险及对策

银行信用风险是当前中国商业银行面临的主要风险,也是造成商业银行大量坏账的重要原因.近年来,我国正加大对银行坏账的整治力度,并采用各种措施降低商业银行不良资产的比例.以银行信用风险管理为切入点,对中国商业银行信用风险管理存在的问题进行探讨,有助于完善我国的商业银行管理体制.     

移动服务提供商信用评价指标体系构建初探

随着移动商务的迅猛发展,电信市场不断扩张,服务提供商开发的业务种类日益繁多,由此所引发的滥收费用、隐瞒欺诈等信用问题也越发凸显,并逐渐成为制约移动商务发展的瓶颈。本文初步构建了移动服务提供商的信用评价指标体系,并对提高移动服务提供商的信用水平提出了相关建议。     

恶意透支型信用卡诈骗的司法认定——兼评信用卡恶意透支行为最新司法解释

正确认定恶意透支,要注意以下问题：超额超期透支的理解、发卡行催收行为的界定、恶意透支的数额标准、恶意透支主体的确定及“非法占有为目的”的表现等。最新相关司法解释细化了恶意透支行为的认定标准,在诸多要素上有了新的规定,但在数额标准等方面也带来了一些新的问题,值得进一步讨论。     

Credit card fraud under Chinese criminal law

Credit card fraud is a new type of fraud amended into the Criminal Law of China in 1997. The “credit card” under credit card fraud is interpreted as a very board concept, which includes debit card and virtually all electronic payment cards used in ordinary payment, credit loan, transfer and settlement of account, cash deposit and withdrawal. Therefore, it is necessary for the legislature to revise “credit card” under this special fraud into “electronic payment card,” and “credit card fraud” into “electronic payment card fraud,” which will be understood easily and precisely. “Use” and “fraudulent use” of credit card under this fraud is defined as ordinary use of credit card, including withdrawal cash with authentic or forged credit card from ATMs. It is unreasonable to define “malicious overdraft” as a form of credit card fraud under the Chinese Criminal Law. In the future amendment, this kind of criminal conduct shall be separated as independent named as “malicious overdraft” or “abuse of credit card” under the Criminal Law with less stiff statutory punishment than that of credit card fraud. Besides, under the Chinese Criminal Law, stealing credit card and using it is held as “theft,” which is neither reasonable nor logical. Therefore, it should be revised in the future criminal law.     

政府与社会关系视角下的政府信用构成要素研究

政府与社会是一种契约关系。政府信用的实质就是在契约关系中政府的合法性问题。政府与社会的良性互动不仅构成政府信用建设的现实基础,也是政府信用要素研究的理论基础。在政府与社会关系的视角下,结合政府信用的基本原则,提炼出了七大政府信用构成要素,从系统、动态的角度分析了各构成要素所需要遵循的原则和建设目标。     

论我国中小投资者对证券市场的信心构建——以证券民事赔偿诉讼方式的选择为视角

证券市场上违背诚信的行为愈演愈烈,而人数众多的中小投资者却得不到应有的民事救济,如此,不仅有损受害者的利益,也将摧毁广大中小投资者对证券市场的信心.故在金融市场诚信为王的理念下,必须寻找可行的民事救济之路.梳理美国集团诉讼的优劣并进行本土化借鉴分析后发现,适合中国的证券民事赔偿诉讼方式的路径选择是应当恢复人数不确定的代表人诉讼,同时采用示范性诉讼方式及多元化纠纷解决机制,并糅合进集团诉讼的有利元素.     

Comment on Dennis P. Culhane et al.’s “Public shelter admission rates in Philadelphia and New York City: The implications of turnover for sheltered population counts”

Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments serve renter households with incomes between 30% and 60% of Area Median Family Income. Ideally, the program places units into neighborhoods where there is a shortage of units serving this cohort. LIHTC units are allocated to developers by state agencies through their Qualified Allocation Plans which should direct units to areas of need. Using a national database, this research examines where LIHTC developments were placed in service to determine whether these developments enter tracts experiencing shortages.

The LIHTC program is not directing units to those census tracts where there is a latent demand for units in this rent range. Rather, it is placing units into tracts that have surpluses. Equally, the program is not placing units in tracts with little or no affordable housing. This suggests that the program is not breaking down the income separation that exists in the nation's housing markets.     

The low income housing tax credit and racial segregation

This paper addresses a critical but almost unexamined aspect of the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program – whether its use (and in particular, the siting of developments in high-poverty/high-minority neighborhoods), is associated with increased racial segregation in the metropolitan area. Using data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Census, supplemented with data on the racial composition of LIHTC tenants in three states, we examine three potential channels through which the LIHTC could affect segregation: where LIHTC units are built relative to where other low income households live, who lives in these tax credit developments, and changes in neighborhood racial composition in neighborhoods that receive tax credit projects. The evidence on each of these channels suggests that LIHTC projects do not contribute to increased segregation, even those in high poverty neighborhoods. We find that increases in the use of tax credits are associated with declines in racial segregation at the metropolitan level.     

Film Reviews

Relying on experimental methodology, we find that positive and negative reports of specific aspects of the economy influence the audience's assessments of political responsibility for the state of the economy. In addition, whether the president actively attempts to take credit (in the case of positive economic news) or attempts to avoid blame (in the case of negative economic news) also influences assessments. Finally, we find that effects are largely dependent on individual levels of partisanship.     

Games borrower governments play: the implementation of economic adjustment programmes in Cyprus and Portugal

Research on the Economic Adjustment Programmes (EAPs) for Eurozone crisis countries has so far acknowledged the role of creditor countries and Troika institutions or has examined the economic effects or structural determinants of domestic implementation processes. The role of borrower governments as strategic actors within the ‘Troika complex’ has been neglected. Taking Cyprus and Portugal as cases in point, the article shows how reform-oriented borrower governments used the interaction with the Troika to overcome veto player opposition to programme implementation. Drawing on the two-level game and on negotiation theory, the study discusses borrower strategies in response to opposition from the court or parliament, and the costs of no agreement. Reform-oriented governments mostly used commitments to the international level or Troika pressure to pursue coercive strategies vis-à-vis domestic opponents. High costs of no agreement seem to be a necessary means to pass on political and market pressure through coercion.